Unusual Patterns of IgG Avidity in Some Young Children following Two Doses of the Adjuvanted Pandemic H1N1 (2009) Influenza Virus Vaccine

Yam, Karen K.; Gupta, J. R. P.; Brewer, Angela; Scheifele, David W.; Halperin, Scott A.; Ward, Brian J.

doi:10.1128/cvi.00619-12

Cited by 16 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The majority (88%) of subjects with natural infection experienced IgG1 antibody elevation, whereas 18 and 29 showed a rise in IgG3 and IgG4, respectively. In vaccine recipients, peak IgG1 responses were found in the third specimens, whereas those of IgG 3 were found in the second samples, which may be important in explaining the findings that the peak responses in HI and NT appeared in the second specimens (25). IgG4 did not change in the follow-up, while IgG2 did not develop in most subjects with either natural infection or vaccinations.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 51%

“…Interestingly, surprisingly broad IgG subclass antibody responses including igG2 were reported by Yam et al, even in naive infants and young children. However, they carried out their study in the 2009-2010 season with AS03-adjuvanted H1N1pdm2009 vaccine, making direct comparison with our data difficult, although the finding of early development of IgG3 was interesting (25).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

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Humoral Immune Response to Influenza A(H1N1)pdm2009 in Patients with Natural Infection and in Vaccine Recipients in the 2009 Pandemic

Kumagai¹,

Nakayama

Okuno

et al. 2014

Viral Immunology

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The 2009 pandemic H1N1 mainly affected adolescents and children, and most of the elderly in Japan escaped clinical illness. To clarify the role of humoral immunity in the infection, the time kinetics of hemagglutination inhibition (HI), neutralization (NT), and IgG subclass antibody response directed against influenza A(H1N1)pdm2009 were analyzed in three consecutive specimens obtained from 51 young adults and children (group 1) who contracted pandemic influenza and from 74 pediatric clinic employees (group 2) inoculated with pandemic monovalent vaccine. In group 1 patients, 6 and 30 patients had lower HI and NT antibody in the acute phase respectively. Thereafter, HI and NT antibody titers increased fourfold or more in 50 patients with peak response in the third specimens obtained four weeks after the onset. IgG1 in 45 patients, IgG3 in 18 patients, and IgG4 in 29 patients showed elevated responses. Forty (54%) and 70 (95%) subjects in group 2 had positive HI and NT antibodies in the prevaccination samples, with increased antibody responses in the follow-up peaking in the second specimens. Forty of those vaccinated had increased IgG1 responses peaking in the third specimens, whereas elevated IgG3 was observed in 22 recipients with the highest level in the second samples. IgG4 did not show any increase in subjects in group 2. A few participants showed an IgG2 response in both groups. An immunologically naive population contracted influenza with apparent clinical symptoms. However, already primed subjects through subclinical infection elicited the unique pattern of IgG subclass responses by vaccination, which differed from those of naive populations.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 51%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Humoral Immune Response to Influenza A(H1N1)pdm2009 in Patients with Natural Infection and in Vaccine Recipients in the 2009 Pandemic

Kumagai¹,

Nakayama

Okuno

et al. 2014

Viral Immunology

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“…Previously, we demonstrated that memory B cell responses in young children to both the T cell-dependent antigen CTB and the T cell-independent antigen LPS following vaccination were significantly lower than those achieved after natural infection (17). Antibody avidity has been shown to be a correlate of immune memory and protective immunity in both infection and vaccination for other infectious diseases in children (28)(29)(30)(31). In this study, we evaluated the magnitude and duration of antibody avidity in both children and adults who received two doses of Dukoral, a heatand formalin-inactivated oral cholera vaccine.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibody Avidity in Humoral Immune Responses in Bangladeshi Children and Adults following Administration of an Oral Killed Cholera Vaccine

Alam

Leung

Akhtar

et al. 2013

Clin. Vaccine Immunol.

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e Antibody avidity for antigens following disease or vaccination increases with affinity maturation and somatic hypermutation. In this study, we followed children and adults in Bangladesh for 1 year following oral cholera vaccination and measured the avidity of antibodies to the T cell-dependent antigen cholera toxin B subunit (CTB) and the T cell-independent antigen lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in comparison with responses in other immunological measurements. Children produced CTB-specific IgG and IgA antibodies of high avidity following vaccination, which persisted for several months; the magnitudes of responses were comparable to those seen in adult vaccinees. The avidity of LPS-specific IgG and IgA antibodies in vaccinees increased significantly shortly after the second dose of vaccine but waned rapidly to baseline levels thereafter. CTB-specific memory B cells were present for only a short time following vaccination, and we did not find significant memory B cell responses to LPS in any age group. For older children, there was a significant correlation between CTB-specific memory T cell responses after the second dose of vaccine and CTB-specific IgG antibody avidity indices over the subsequent year. These findings suggest that vaccination induces a longer-lasting increase in the avidity of antibodies to a T cell-dependent antigen than is measured by a memory B cell response to that antigen and that early memory T cell responses correlate well with the subsequent development of higher-avidity antibodies.

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“…The HAI titer was determined by visual inspection as the highest dilution that inhibited erythrocyte agglutination, using standard criteria. MN titers were measured as previously described (38). Briefly, confluent monolayers of Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells (British Colombia Center for Disease Control) were incubated in 96-well flat-bottom plates (Falcon Corning Life Science, Corning, NY) in MegaVir (VWR, Radnor, PA) supplemented with 10 g/ml gentamicin (Gibco Life Technologies, Burlington, ON, Canada), 0.25 g/ml amphotericin B (Gibco Life Technologies, Burlington, ON, Canada), 100,000 U/ml penicillin G (Sigma, St. Louis, MO), and 10 g/ml glutamine (Wisent, St. Bruno, QC, Canada).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Single Intramuscular Dose of a Plant-Made Virus-Like Particle Vaccine Elicits a Balanced Humoral and Cellular Response and Protects Young and Aged Mice from Influenza H1N1 Virus Challenge despite a Modest/Absent Humoral Response

Hodgins

Yam

Winter

et al. 2017

Clin Vaccine Immunol

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Virus-like-particle (VLP) influenza vaccines can be given intramuscularly (i.m.) or intranasally (i.n.) and may have advantages over split-virion formulations in the elderly. We tested a plant-made VLP vaccine candidate bearing the viral hemagglutinin (HA) delivered either i.m. or i.n. in young and aged mice. Young adult (5-to 8-week-old) and aged (16-to 20-month-old) female BALB/c mice received a single 3-g dose based on the HA (A/California/07/2009 H1N1) content of a plant-made H1-VLP (i.m. or i.n.) split-virion vaccine (i.m.) or were left naive. After vaccination, humoral and splenocyte responses were assessed, and some mice were challenged. Both VLP and split vaccines given i.m. protected 100% of the young animals, but the VLP group lost the least weight and had stronger humoral and cellular responses. Compared to split-vaccine recipients, aged animals vaccinated i.m. with VLP were more likely to survive challenge (80% versus 60%). The lung viral load postchallenge was lowest in the VLP i.m. groups. Mice vaccinated with VLP i.n. had little detectable immune response, but survival was significantly increased. In both age groups, i.m. administration of the H1-VLP vaccine elicited more balanced humoral and cellular responses and provided better protection from homologous challenge than the splitvirion vaccine.KEYWORDS aged-mouse model, influenza, virus-like particles (VLPs), plant-made vaccines A ccording to the World Health Organization, influenza epidemics account for 250,000 to 500,000 deaths worldwide every year (http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/ fs211/en/). Although vaccines are widely recommended to protect against influenza, the elderly often respond poorly, in part due to prior experience with influenza virus antigens (Ag) (1), but also as a result of immunosenescence (2). The latter affects both innate and adaptive immune responses and has broad implications for both natural infection and vaccination (1, 2).Influenza vaccines for adults are administered by either intramuscular (i.m.) or intradermal injection of detergent-split virions at a fixed dose of 15 g hemagglutinin (HA)/strain (3). These vaccines typically elicit strong antibody responses in healthy young adults and achieve vaccine efficacy (VE) that varies between strains and years but averages 50 to 60% (4). These formulations work less well in the elderly (5

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Unusual Patterns of IgG Avidity in Some Young Children following Two Doses of the Adjuvanted Pandemic H1N1 (2009) Influenza Virus Vaccine

Cited by 16 publications

References 31 publications

Humoral Immune Response to Influenza A(H1N1)pdm2009 in Patients with Natural Infection and in Vaccine Recipients in the 2009 Pandemic

Humoral Immune Response to Influenza A(H1N1)pdm2009 in Patients with Natural Infection and in Vaccine Recipients in the 2009 Pandemic

Antibody Avidity in Humoral Immune Responses in Bangladeshi Children and Adults following Administration of an Oral Killed Cholera Vaccine

A Single Intramuscular Dose of a Plant-Made Virus-Like Particle Vaccine Elicits a Balanced Humoral and Cellular Response and Protects Young and Aged Mice from Influenza H1N1 Virus Challenge despite a Modest/Absent Humoral Response

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