Unusual case report of seven-headed quadriceps femoris muscle

Ruzik, Kacper; Waśniewska, Anna; Olewnik, Łukasz; Tubbs, R. Shane; Karauda, Piotr; Polguj, Michał

doi:10.1007/s00276-020-02472-0

Cited by 13 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Our findings suggest the possibility that three additional heads are present on two limbs, or four additional heads on one limb. Only one previous case report has mentioned the presence of three additional heads (Ruzik et al, 2020); however, Bonnechère et al (2020) noted the presence of a triceps femoris QF attributable to the absence of a VI and VM, or VI and VL, in four cases studied. In this study, no examples of a missing classic QF muscle were observed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Quadriceps or multiceps femoris?—Cadaveric study

et al. 2020

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Purpose: The quadriceps femoris (QF) consists of four muscles: the rectus femoris; vastus medialis; vastus lateralis, and vastus intermediate. The tendons of all of these parts join together into a single tendon that attaches to the patella. The QF is a powerful extensor of the knee joint that is needed for walking. A growing number of publications have examined the fifth head of the QF muscle. There is no information about the possibility of other heads, and there is no correct classification of their proximal attachments. Further, the frequency of occurrence of additional heads/components of the QF remains unclear. Methods: One hundred and six lower limbs (34 male and 18 female) fixed in 10% formalin solution were examined. Results: Additional heads of the QF were present in 64.1% of the limbs. Three main types were identified and included subtypes. The most common was Type I (44.1%), which had an independent fifth head. This type was divided into two subtypes (A-B) depending on its location relative to the vastus intermediate. The second most common type was Type II (30.8%), which originated from other muscles: IIA from the vastus lateralis; IIB from the vastus intermediate, and IIC from the gluteus minimus. In addition, Type III (25%) was characterized by multiple heads: IIIA-two heads with a single common tendon; IIIB-two heads with two separate tendons; IIIC-three heads (lateral, intermediate, medial), and IIID-four heads (bifurcated lateral and bifurcated medial). Conclusion: The introduction of a new classification based on a proximal attachment is necessary. The presence of the fifth, sixth, seventh, or eighth head varies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Quadriceps or multiceps femoris?—Cadaveric study

et al. 2020

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“…Willan et al [24], in 1990, carried out a study in which one additional head of the QF was present in about one third of the limbs. On the other hand, Ruzik et al [22] found the QF with seven heads. Two additional muscle bellies were composed of tendons, and another one was a tensor of the vastus intermedius [22].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Six-headed coracobrachialis muscle

Zielinska

Olewnik

2022

Folia Morphol

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“…additional heads that formed two independent tendons with insertion into the base of the patella. [24] However, it is still unclear whether the TVI muscle is an anatomical variant or a constant component of the QF muscle. In cadaveric studies, the frequency of the additional head ranges from 29% to 100%.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%