Untersuchungen über die soziale Prognose der Schizophrenie unter besonderer Berücksichtigung des encephalographischen Befundes

Lemke, Rudolf

doi:10.1007/bf01814222

Cited by 47 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 24 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…This study replicated earlier pneumoencephalographic studies (e.g. Lemke, 1935;Haug, 1962) and opened the way for further studies on the ventricular system without subjecting patients to the hazards associated with pneumo-encephalography. The resultant flood of CT and, more recently, magnetic resonance (MRI) studies have reaffirmed the findings of ventricular enlargement in schizophrenic patients (Weinberger, 1984; Crow 8 z , thus suggesting the presence of an underlying structural abnormality.…”

Section: The Presentsupporting

confidence: 83%

“…Several early pneumo-encephalographic studies of the ventricular system in schizophrenia have shown evidence of ventricular dilatation (e.g. Lemke, 1935;Haug, 1962). However, the ethical problems of such a difficult procedure tempted few to replicate these findings and their significance was gradually forgotten.…”

Section: Ventricular Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Second, there is little or no evidence of progressive structural changes. In the first such study to examine the problem only 20% of patients were reported as showing progressive ventricular enlargement over a 4 year period (Lemke, 1935) and three recent studies show no evidence of progression in groups of patients scanned over an 8 year (Illowsky et al, 1988), and a 5 year period (Vita et al, 1988;Reveley et nl., 1988).…”

Section: G W Roberts and C J Brutonmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Notes from the graveyard: neuropathology and schizophrenia*

Roberts

Bruton

1990

Neuropathology Appl Neurobio

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Schizophrenia is commonly regarded as a 'functional' psychosis, the implication being that the delusions, hallucinations and cognitive impairment characteristic of the disease have no organic basis. This view is due in no small way to the failure of pathologists to find convincing pathological changes associated with the disease in the first seven decades of the century. Over the last 10 years things have changed considerably. Recent CT and MRI scan studies have provided convincing evidence of significant ventricular enlargement in the brains of schizophrenics and post-mortem studies have shown that schizophrenic brains are about 6% lighter than controls and have a reduced volume and reduced antero-posterior length. Planimetric studies on post-mortem material and a recent MRI study show that medial temporal lobe structures (parahippocampal gyrus, hippocampus and amygdala) are preferentially affected. Although other brain regions (e.g. cingulate gyrus, frontal cortex) also show alterations they appear to be 'downstream' from the regions primarily affected. Morphological studies show that there is a loss of neurons from medial temporal lobe structures and indicate irregularities in their cytoarchitectonic arrangement. The alterations in structure are not associated with degenerative, inflammatory, or abnormal vascular processes. There has been much debate as to the possible causes of the structural changes and whether they are limited to particular 'types' or sub-groups of schizophrenics. At present it seems simpler to suppose that all schizophrenics have a degree of structural abnormality which may differ in degree but not in kind. It has been proposed that the changes in brain structure in schizophrenia are the result of an anomaly of brain development. In the last year CT and MRI studies have shown that ventricular enlargement precedes clinical symptoms and is not progressive. These studies support the developmental interpretation. Future studies will need to focus on (a) the mechanisms (probably genetic) which can cause such developmental anomalies, (b) the neurochemical perturbations occurring as a result of such anomalies and (c) how both relate to clinical symptoms.

show abstract

Section: The Presentsupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: Ventricular Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: G W Roberts and C J Brutonmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Notes from the graveyard: neuropathology and schizophrenia*

Roberts

Bruton

1990

Neuropathology Appl Neurobio

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Als einziger dienzephaler Parameter ist die Dicke des periventrikulären Graus signifikant vermindert. Somit scheint der pneumenzephalographisch (30,38,42,50), echoenzephalographisch (74) und computertomographisch (24,27,43,80,88) bei vielen Schizophrenen nachgewiesenen Erweiterung des 3. Ventrikels ein Substanzverlust der in direkter Nachbarschaft zum 3.…”

Section: B) Dienzephalonunclassified

“…Seit Einführung der Computertomographie in die Psychiatrie mehren sich die Hinweise, daß die Ventrikel vieler Schizophrener weiter sind als die altersgleieher Kontrollgruppen (24,27,43,80,88). Damit werden ältere Befun• de pneumenzephalographischer Untersuchungen (30,38,42,50) bestätigt, die zuvor keine ungeteilte Anerkennung fanden, da es wegen der mit der Pneumenzephalographie verbundenen Risiken nicht ohne weiteres möglich war, hinreichend große Kontrollgruppen mit zu untersuchen. Die neuen und älteren neuroradiologischen Befunde weisen auf mäßige Schrumpfungsvorgänge des Hirngewebes hin und werfen erneut die Frage nach neuropathologisch faßbaren degenerativen Hirnveränderungen bei Schizophrenen auf.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Zur Neuropathologie der Schizophrenien

Bogerts¹

1984

Fortschr Neurol Psychiatr

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Up to now it is not known whether the ventricular enlargement in schizophrenics demonstrated by neuroradiological investigations is caused by a general brain atrophy or a more or less selective degeneration of one or several areas. Therefore, the volumes of several parts of the basal ganglia, of the diencephalon and of the limbic system were determined by planimetry of myelin-stained serial sections in post mortem brains of 14 schizophrenic patients and 13 control cases. The important limbic structures of the temporal lobe (amygdala, hippocampal formation), the ventricle closely surrounding structures of the diencephalon, and the pallidum internum are significantly smaller in the schizophrenic group, whereas the volumes of the pallidum externum, of the three parts of the striatum (caudatum, putamen, n. accumbens), of the red nucleus, and of the large thalamic cell groups have not significantly changes. The volume reductions are interpreted as focal degenerative shrinkages of unknown etiology.

show abstract