Untersuchungen über Art und Ursachen von Verfärbungen an Bergahorn-Stammholz (Acer pseudoplatanus L.)

Zimmermann, G.

doi:10.1007/bf02736161

Cited by 15 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Nevertheless, the death of the parenchyma cells deprives this wood of its vital defence responses against invading xylophilous microorganisms. Whereas sound standing timber is practically sterile internally (SIVAK andPERSON 1973, SHIGO 1976), or it is able to successfully control the rare microbial populations admitted (SHIGO 1967, GRAMSS 1986, moribund or harvested wood is increasingly subject to random microbial colonization (SHIELDS 1969, ZIMMERMANN 1974. These resident microbia, having once conquered their ecological niche, manage to defend it against the invasion of further microorganisms including WBF.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of the Concomitant Microflora on Establishment and Dieback of Decay Fungi in Standing Timber

Gramss¹

1987

Journal of Phytopathology

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The microbiological aspects that designate development of decay in standing timber were assessed by determining the resistance to succession as well as the competitive saprophytic ability (kratovirulence, KV) of 40 species of wood destroying basidiomycetous fungi (WBF), proved to be members of 7 ecological categories. The categories (i) to (iv) comprise predominantly pathogenic WBF (pathogens) with high pathovirulence (PV) and correspondingly low KV properties that are dominant in the decay of standing timber. The categories (v) to (vii) include saprophytic WBF (saprophytes) with occasional or no PV and increasingly dominant KV properties which are native to slash and plant residues. On sterilely overgrown blocks of fertilized wood meal which had been exposed to airborne contaminants, most pathogens displayed the same degree of resistance to the insinuation of successive microbes as did the saprophytes. In the inoculation attempts of randomly contaminated wood meal, however, the low‐kratovirulence, pathogens were unable to repress the multitude of the antagonistic resident microorganisms in order to establish themselves in this substrate. In contrast, most high‐kratovirulence saprophytes reduced the number of, or completely eliminated, these antagonistic resident microorganisms in wood meal to create the preconditions for colonizing this substrate themselves for up to 1,200 days. In application of these results to the conditions in standing timber it is concluded that the wounded living tree involuntarily promotes the entry of a pathogenic WBF by keeping its natural antagonists down. The once established WBF can then protect its vegetative thallus itself from being overgrown by successive microbes.

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confidence: 99%

The Influence of the Concomitant Microflora on Establishment and Dieback of Decay Fungi in Standing Timber

Gramss¹

1987

Journal of Phytopathology

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“…According to the study of Unterseher et al [23] on the infection patterns of fungal endophytes, A. hystrix occurred almost exclusively in the understorey, contrary to some other endophytes, whose occurrence within the fully insulated areas of the crown was more frequent. Furthermore, the impact of the buffering capacity of sycamore tissues on the colonization success of A. hystrix cannot be ruled out, as according to Zimmermann [24], A. hystrix causes strong acidification of the medium in vitro. Therefore, the host plant, by preventing A. hystrix from adjusting its tissue pH to the level required by the fungus, may limit the colonization extent [94].…”

Section: Pathogenicity Of Apiognomonia Hystrixmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…infecting leaves, twigs and buds [1,6,13,14,16,18,22,23]. Locally, it was also detected in the trunks of sycamore (Acer pseudoplatanus) trees with declining symptoms [24][25][26]. The species is known to form a variety of trophic interactions with host plants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Occurrence of Apiognomonia hystrix and Its Pathogenicity towards Acer pseudoplatanus and Fraxinus excelsior under Field Conditions

Kowalski

Bilański

Grad

2021

Forests

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Apiognomonia hystrix is an ascomycetous fungus within Diaporthales that is found on maples and to a lesser extent on other hardwood trees in Europe, Northern America and Asia. To date, varying opinions on the species’ status as a cause of plant diseases have been expressed. In this study, we present the results of analyses conducted from 2012–2017 at forest sites in Poland on the occurrence of A. hystrix on Acer pseudoplatanus and Fraxinus excelsior and the pathogenicity of this fungus towards both tree species. For the sycamore leaves, A. hystrix conidiomata were detected in connection with 19.2% of galls caused by Dasineura vitrina, 20.4% of galls caused by Drisina glutinosa and 67.9% of extensive vein-associated necroses. The A. hystrix colonization of galls caused by both midge species resulted in statistically significantly larger necroses. On European ash leaves, conidiomata of A. hystrix occurred in connection with 0.8% of Dasineura fraxinea galls. Perithecia of A. hystrix were detected on overwintered leaf petioles in 8.1% of A. pseudoplatanus and 1.2% of F. excelsior samples. Twelve representative cultures were characterized molecularly by barcoding three marker genes (ITS, ACT, CAL). Results of phylogenetic analyses indicate that A. hystrix isolates are genetically variable, and three lineages are distinguishable. Eight isolates, including four originating from sycamore and four from European ash, were used to determine A. hystrix pathogenicity. Among the 48 A. pseudoplatanus petioles inoculated with A. hystrix, 41 developed necrotic lesions after 8 weeks, with the average necrosis length caused by particular isolates ranging from 14.5 to 67.2 mm. None of the 48 inoculated F. excelsior petioles developed necrotic lesions. Finally, selected aspects of A. hystrix morphology on natural substrates and in vitro are discussed in this paper, as well as the species’ potential to cause disease symptoms.

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“…Some diseolourations in several species are associated with bacteria (cf. Zimmermann, 1974). The question is, whether the enzymes from the bacteria are directly involved in the development of discolouration or whether the metabolie products of bacteria -acids or ammonia -indireetly initiate discolouration by starting chemical reactions with accessory co mpounds in the wood.…”

Section: Reactions Associated With Bacteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Discolouration in the Wood of Living and Cut Trees

Bauch¹

1984

IAWA J

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The various kinds of discolourations in the wood of living and cut trees described in the literature are reviewed and I attempt to classify the different processes involved as physiological, biochemical, and chemical reactions. In a living tree, discolourations are initiated predominantly through wounds and dying branches and roots, where all three types of reactions may be involved. In some species, chemical reactions as e.g. between tannins and metals occur. Discolourations that develop after cu tting of a tree are interpreted mostly as oxydative reactions; however, bacteria mayaiso be involved. Chemical reactions of accessory compounds in contact with metals during wood processing are also discussed.

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Untersuchungen über Art und Ursachen von Verfärbungen an Bergahorn-Stammholz (Acer pseudoplatanus L.)

Cited by 15 publications

References 14 publications

The Influence of the Concomitant Microflora on Establishment and Dieback of Decay Fungi in Standing Timber

The Influence of the Concomitant Microflora on Establishment and Dieback of Decay Fungi in Standing Timber

The Occurrence of Apiognomonia hystrix and Its Pathogenicity towards Acer pseudoplatanus and Fraxinus excelsior under Field Conditions

Discolouration in the Wood of Living and Cut Trees

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