Discolouration in the Wood of Living and Cut Trees

Bauch, J.

doi:10.1163/22941932-90000869

Cited by 28 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…One of the potential reasons for this is the tendency of black alder wood to develop intense and uneven reddish-orange or reddishbrown wood discolouration immediately after tree felling and during wood processing (Klarić et al 2012). Discolouration of freshly cut alder wood has been described as an oxidative chemical reaction, a chemical reaction of accessory organic compounds assisted by enzymes when oxygen penetrates wood tissue (Bauch 1984). Black alder wood discolouration also occurs in living trees, which is a response by the xylem either to a mechanical wound or an infection; this response is reflected by orange deposits at the reaction zones (Oven and Torelli 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, information about the influence of extractives in black alder on technological processes is sparse and fragmentary (Bauch 1984). Hence, the first step in order to understand the black alder wood discolouration and the possibilities of bark use, is to determine the extractives content and to investigate the influence of different solvents on extractives yields.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Yield of Stirred Cold Maceration and Extraction of Milled European Black Alder Wood and Bark using Different Solvents

Klarić¹,

Oven²,

Gorišek³

et al. 2016

BioResources

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a Wood extractives, especially polyphenols, have great influence on the xylem colour of many wood species, which affects the success of hydrothermal wood processing, such as wood drying. One such wood species is European black alder (Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn.), which is prone to forming intense and uneven reddish-orange or reddish-brown discolourations immediately upon harvesting and processing. However, there is lack of published scientific data on the wood and bark extractives of black alder, as well as the most suitable solvents to extract them. In this work, total soluble extractives, phenols, and flavonoids have been quantified in the wood and bark of black alder. Furthermore, the influence of four different polar organic solvents and deionized water on extractives removal yields has been measured. It was found that the bark has much higher levels of extractives as compared to the wood. Furthermore, it has been found that the highest extractive yields were obtained by using methanol as the extraction solvent for all observed compound group classifications.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Yield of Stirred Cold Maceration and Extraction of Milled European Black Alder Wood and Bark using Different Solvents

Klarić¹,

Oven²,

Gorišek³

et al. 2016

BioResources

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“…Poplars with wetwood contain large and diverse populations of bacteria [23]. In a review of discoloration in the wood of living and cut tree species, Bauch [24] concluded that discoloration including wetwood is caused by physiological processes (environmentally initiated), biochemical and chemical reactions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frequency of False Heartwood of Stems of Poplar Growing on Farmland in Sweden

Johansson

Hjelm

2013

Forests

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Swedish owners of poplar stands are interested in both the wood quality and the use of poplars that are soon to be harvested. An important concern is the frequency of false heartwood (FHW) in the stems. We have presented an overview of the factors causing discolored wood as well as the industrial use and quality of the end products. We have studied poplar stems growing at 22 sites in Sweden between latitudes 55° N and 60° N. The mean age of the poplar was 23 years (range 14-41), the mean stand density 1011 stems ha −1 (range 155-3493) and the diameter at breast height (DBH) (over bark) 246 mm (range 121-447). All stands were growing on clay soils (light and medium clay and light clay tills). All of the sampled stems (42) contained false heartwood. At 0%-50% of stem height, all sampled trees were discolored and at 90% of stem height, 33% were discolored. The percentage of false heartwood area by stem area was highest at 1% and 10% of stem height (26.6% and 24.7% respectively). The "FHW" part of the stem had a radius of 47 mm (range 9-93) at 30% of stem height, which corresponds to 50% of the total stem radius. A log of six meters represents about 30% of stem height. Equations describing the correlation between DBH and the diameter of FHW at different stem heights (1%, 10%, 30%, 50%, 70% and 90%) and table describing FHW volume % by total stem volume at the first 50% of stem height were constructed. These might be helpful for estimating the percentage of fresh wood in a stem. However, most of the fast-growing poplars will be harvested as biofuel.

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“…Although the formation of red heart in the living tree is well described [16,28], scientific literature about the relevant mechanical and technological properties of red-hearted beech is scarce [30,36]. A classification for the adhesion behaviour of red-hearted beech cannot be found in the literature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beech (Fagus sylvaticaL.) – Technological properties, adhesion behaviour and colour stability with and without coatings of the red heartwood

Pöhler¹,

Klingner²,

Künniger³

2006

Ann. For. Sci.

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-European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) is a popular and major tree species in Europe. The economic value of its timber is greatly decreased by the red heart phenomenon. The cause of red heart formation is well understood. However, scientific investigations about the technological and mechanical behaviour of red heartwood are scarce. Our study aims to provide a sound scientific basis for the characterization of technological properties, adhesion-as well as colour-behaviour of red-hearted beech. The mechanical and technological properties of redhearted beech give no evidence of different behaviour in comparison with the normal beech wood. The adhesion behaviour shows equal results. In terms of colour stability, the difference between freshly processed normal and red beech wood diminishes after certain time of exposure. red heart / adhesion behaviour / colour stability / mechanical technological property / Fagus sylvatica Résumé -Le bois de hêtre (Fagus sylvatica L.) -Propriétés technologiques, comportement au collage et stabilité de la teinte du bois de coeur rouge. Le hêtre (Fagus sylvatica L.) est une espèce d'arbre populaire important en Europe. La présence du coeur rouge provoque une réduction notable de la valeur économique des grumes qui en sont atteintes. Les causes de l'apparition du coeur rouge sont bien connues mais les études scientifiques sur le comportement technologique et mécanique du hêtre à coeur rouge sont cependant rares. La présente étude a pour but d'établir des bases solides pour la caractérisation des propriétés technologiques du hêtre à coeur rouge que sont le comportement au collage et la stabilité de teinte. Il n'existe aucun indice selon lequel les propriétés technologiques et mécaniques du hêtre à coeur rouge diffèrent de celle du hêtre normal. Pour ce qui est du comportement au collage, les résultats sont identiques alors que pour la stabilité de la teinte la différence à l'état frais de sciage entre le hêtre normal et le hêtre à coeur rouge diminue après un certain temps d'exposition. coeur rouge / comportement au collage / stabilité de teinte / propriété technologique et mécanique / Fagus sylvatica

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Discolouration in the Wood of Living and Cut Trees

Cited by 28 publications

References 19 publications

Yield of Stirred Cold Maceration and Extraction of Milled European Black Alder Wood and Bark using Different Solvents

Yield of Stirred Cold Maceration and Extraction of Milled European Black Alder Wood and Bark using Different Solvents

Frequency of False Heartwood of Stems of Poplar Growing on Farmland in Sweden

Beech (Fagus sylvaticaL.) – Technological properties, adhesion behaviour and colour stability with and without coatings of the red heartwood

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