Untersuchungen des Reaktionsverlaufes und der Produkte der säurekatalysierten Reaktion von Phenolen mit Holzöl, 1. Phenol und Holzöl

Ziebarth, G.; Singer, K.; Gnauck, R.; Raubach, H.

doi:10.1002/apmc.1989.051700106

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The phenolic resins appear to react with the drying oil to produce what is essentially a copolymer of the oil and resin − and Ziebarth et al. , have reported on the formation of copolymers between the phenolic resins and tung oil. A nuclear substitution reaction can occur between the para or meta positions of the alkylphenol and the tung oil.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of an Original Non-Terpenoid Varnish from the Early 20th Century Oil Painting “The White Horse” (1929), by H. Menzel

et al. 1998

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Different mass spectrometric approaches were used to identify an original non-terpenoid varnish. Direct temperature-resolved MS and pyrolysis-GC/MS mainly showed the phenolic components, whereas thermally assisted (trans)methylation with tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) strongly enhanced the evidence for tung oil as part of the varnish. Transethylation studies of the fatty acids confirmed the TMAH data. The degree of hydrolysis of the oil network was found to be low. No evidence was found for a direct link between the drying oil and phenolic resin. On the basis of the MS information, the aged varnish is identified as an open-structure tert-butylphenol-formaldehyde resin which entangles the tung oil polymer.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of an Original Non-Terpenoid Varnish from the Early 20th Century Oil Painting “The White Horse” (1929), by H. Menzel

et al. 1998

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“…The GPE/TA/WF and SPE/TA/WF biocomposites had much higher tensile modulus than the cured GPE/TA and SPE/TA resins, respectively. [21][22][23][24] On the other hand, cardanol is a phenol meta-substituted with a flexible unsaturated hydrocarbon chain, which is derived from cashew nutshell liquid. Therefore, in order to prepare the WF biocomposite with well-balanced tensile properties, it is necessary to use a multifunctional bio-based hardener containing a more flexible unit than TA did.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…19,20 In contrast, the reaction of TO and phenol smoothly proceed in a mild acidic condition without the formation of oligomerized materials to produce a desired TO-phenol resin. [21][22][23][24] On the other hand, cardanol is a phenol meta-substituted with a flexible unsaturated hydrocarbon chain, which is derived from cashew nutshell liquid. 25 There have been many studies on the utilization of cardanol to phenol resins [26][27][28] and epoxy resins, [28][29][30][31] and some of them have been already commercialized by Cardolite Corp. (Newark, NJ) and Shanghai Meidong Biomaterials Co. (Shanghai, China), etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and properties of biocomposites composed of sorbitol‐based epoxy resin, tung oil‐pyrogallol resin, and wood flour

Shibata

Teramoto

Yoshihara

et al. 2012

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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The biocomposites composed of sorbitol polyglycidyl ether (SPE), tung oil-pyrogallol resin (TPG), and wood flour (WF) were prepared by the compression molding at 190 C, and their thermal and mechanical properties were investigated in detail. The epoxy/hydroxy ratio was fixed to 1/1 in the curing reaction of SPE and TPG, based on the fact that the degree of addition of pyrogallol to each tung oil molecule for the TPG used as a flexible bio-based hardener is evaluated to be 2.3 by 1 H-NMR method. The SPE-TPG/WF biocomposites showed much higher storage moduli than SPE-TPG did, although tan d peak temperatures of the biocomposites (44.5-45.6 C) were a little lower than that of SPE-TPG (53.5 C). Tensile moduli of the biocomposites increased with an increase of WF content in the range of 0-50 wt %. Furthermore, the biocomposites had a little higher tensile strength than the cured neat resin did. Field emission-scanning electron microscopy analysis of the biocomposites revealed that WF is tightly incorporated into the crosslinked epoxy resins.

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“…Electrophilic substitution reactions of phenols with TO in the presence of acid catalyst give crosslinked and/or branched phenol resins. [7][8][9][10] Bio-based polyols prepared by chemical modification of TO can be used to the production of polyurethanes. 11,12 TO can be copolymerized with divinylbenzene and/or styrene by both free radical and cationic polymerizations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High performance bio‐based thermosetting resins composed of tung oil and bismaleimide

Shibata

Teramoto

Nakamura

2010

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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The reaction of tung oil (TO) and 1,1 0 -(methylenedi-4,1-phenylene)bismaleimide (BMI) in 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone (DMI) at 150 C for 4 h and subsequent precipitation gave TO/BMI prepolymer, which was cured at 200 C for 2 h gave crosslinked TO/BMI product with C¼ ¼C ratio from 1/1 to 1/4. The FE-SEM analysis revealed that all the cured products are homogeneous and no phase separation was observed. The glass transition temperature and 5% weight loss temperature of the cured TO/BMI increased with increasing BMI content. The maximal tensile strength (38.1 MPa) and modulus (2.6 GPa) were obtained for the cured products with the C¼ ¼C ratios of 1/2 and 1/3, respectively. To evaluate the reaction of TO and BMI, the model reaction products of TO and N-phenylmaleimide (PMI) in DMI were analyzed by 1 H-NMR spectroscopy. The NMR data of the reaction products of TO/PMI with the C¼ ¼C ratio 2/1, 1/1, 1/2, 1/3, and 1/4 at 150 C for 24 h revealed that Diels-Alder reaction preferentially occurred at 2/1, and that ene reaction and other reactions such as radical homo and copolymerization gradually increased with decreasing C¼ ¼C ratio of TO/PMI. V C 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 119: [896][897][898][899][900][901] 2011

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Untersuchungen des Reaktionsverlaufes und der Produkte der säurekatalysierten Reaktion von Phenolen mit Holzöl, 1. Phenol und Holzöl

Cited by 6 publications

References 11 publications

Identification of an Original Non-Terpenoid Varnish from the Early 20th Century Oil Painting “The White Horse” (1929), by H. Menzel

Identification of an Original Non-Terpenoid Varnish from the Early 20th Century Oil Painting “The White Horse” (1929), by H. Menzel

Preparation and properties of biocomposites composed of sorbitol‐based epoxy resin, tung oil‐pyrogallol resin, and wood flour

High performance bio‐based thermosetting resins composed of tung oil and bismaleimide

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