Untersuchungen am Triturus-Keim über die Existenz spezifischer Induktionsstoffe in abnormen Induktoren

Abstract

When fresh mouse kidney is boiled (up to 15 min.) the cases of induced brains become rarer (as compared to the original tissue), while the number of induced eyes and noses steadily increases (Chuangs 1 -2 boiling experiment). Because of this inverse behaviour of the brains and the sense organs C h u a n g had supposed the sense organs to be induced by a special inductive substance, which, owing to a progressive inactivation of the brain-inducing substance, grows more and more effective. -When, however, the boiling experiment was repeated and the induced brains were separated into archencephalic and deuterencephalic parts, it became apparent that only the latter are rapidly diminished by the boiling, whereas the archencephalic parts are even slightly increased, similar to the sense organs. Thus the archencephalic inductive effect is generally heightened, not only the number of sense organs. That means that the assumption of a special inductive substance for these organs lades its foundation. -On the other hand, when dryly heated kidney (100° C, 15 min.) had been employed as inductor, the ectoblast exclusively reacted by formation of balancers. Various explanations for that are discussed.

THE EFFECTS OF PEPSIN AND TRYPSIN ON THE INDUCTIVE ABILITY OF PENTOSE NUCLEOPROTEIN FROM GUINEA PIG LIVER1)

“…The first group of data are derived from experiments in which incubation with ribonuclease of tissue pieces, homogenates or extracts failed to show a suppression of the inducing ability of these samples (KUUSI 1951(KUUSI , 1953BRACHET, KUUSI and GOTH& 1952;HAYASHI 1955;ENGLANDER and JOHNEN 1957;VAHS 1957). In a unique type of experiments LALLIER (1954) obtained neural inductions by implanting devitalized organizers which were stained with basic dyes, such as toluidine blue, acriflavine or acridine orange.…”

Spino-Caudal Induction by Pentose Nucleoprotein Isolated From the Kidney*

“…The shift of regionality from the spino-caudal to deuterencephalic as observed in the present study between PNP series and the original extract A (Table 2) suggests that the procedure necessary for isolation of PNP from the kidney also has some effect of changing the regionality in the same direction. Further the change in the regional effect of some adult tissues as demonstrated by ENGLANDER, VAHS and JOHNEN (1953) and by VAHS (1955) appears to be closely related to this phenomenon. The extensive work of KUUSI (1951,1953) comprises cases of apparently comparable change in the induction specificity of tissues and their fractions.…”

ÜBER INDUKTIONSWIRKUNGEN VON BAKTERIENAGGLOMERATEN IMTRITURUS-KEIMUND DIE CHEMISCHE NATUR DES WIRKSAMEN STOFFES

“…DaB die fast ausschlieBliche Induktion von Haftfaden der Ausdruck einer auberst schwachen Induktionsfghigkeit (in qualitativer Hinsicht) ist, geht auch aus anderen Untersuchungen hervor: So vermag z.B. die normalerweise sehr stark induzierende Mauseniere nach besonders drastischen Eingriffen in das Stoffgefuge (trockene Erhitzung bei 100" C ) nur noch Haftfaden zu induzieren, jedoch in hohen Prozentsatzen (VAHS, 1955).…”

“…hierzu YAMADA und TAKATA, 1956). Was speziell die Haftfaden anlangt, so sei darauf hingewiesen, dab diese offenbar durch verschiedene Induktionseinflusse hervorgebracht werden konnen, wie wir bereits an anderer Stelle ausf uhrlich diskutiert haben (VAHS, 1956 (CHARGAFF, 1947). Ferner darf nicht iibersehen werden, dab ja auch die gram-negativen Bakterien reich an Nucleinsauren und EiweiBen sind.…”