Untargeted metabolomics analysis by gas chromatography/time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry of human serum from methamphetamine abusers

Abstract

Methamphetamine (METH) abuse has become a global public health problem. However, the potential mechanisms involving METH‐induced metabolic disorders have thus far remained poorly understood. Metabolomics can provide a clue for the cause of apparent changes and consequently be used to investigate the METH‐induced dysregulation of metabolite expression and the mechanism of metabolic disorder mechanism. This laboratory investigation included 80 METH abusers and 80 healthy people. The serum metabolites were detected and analysed by gas chromatography/time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry. Raw data were processed with the software MS DIAL, which includes deconvolution, peak alignment and compound identification. The data matrix was processed by univariate and multivariate analyses for significant metabolite screening with the criteria of variable importance in projection values > 1, fold change > 1.5 and the t test (p value < 0.05). Significant differences in 16 metabolites (deoxycholic acid, cholic acid, hydroxylamine, etc.) in serum were found between the METH abuse group and the control group. Energy metabolic pathways and several amino acid metabolic pathways (alanine, aspartic acid and glutamate metabolism and tryptophan metabolism) were primarily involved. Further analysis indicated that the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was 0.998 for these 16 metabolites. Among the metabolites, three carbohydrates (d‐ribose, cellobiose and maltotriose) had an AUC of 0.975, which were determined as potential markers of abuse. We observed metabolic disturbances in METH abusers, particularly perturbation in energy metabolism and amino acid metabolism, which can provide new insights into the search for biomarkers and the mechanisms underlying the adverse effects of METH on human health.

Astilbin fromSmilax glabraRoxb. alleviates high-fat diet-induced metabolic dysfunction

“…The metabolites were extracted and assayed following the standard operating procedures of the Fiehn Laboratory. 20 In this study, 40 of mg liver tissue was extracted with 1 mL of extraction solution [acetonitrile/isopropanol/H 2 O (3 : 3 : 2, v/v)], and the mixture was vortexed, pulverized, and centrifuged. Subsequently, 450 µL of the metabolic extract was saved and then dried in a Savant high-capacity Speedvac plus concentrator (Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA) for 6 hours.…”

“…After raw data were converted into abf format using an ABF converter (https://www.reifycs.com/AbfConverter/index.html), MS DIAL software equipped with the Fiehn Library was used for peak extraction, filtering, calibration of the data baseline, peak alignment, deconvolution analysis, peak identification, and integration of peak heights. 20 Subsequently, each metabolite peak in all samples was normalized using the SERRF normalization method based on the quality control samples.…”

Exercise modulates central and peripheral inflammatory responses and ameliorates methamphetamine-induced anxiety-like symptoms in mice

“…Previous clinical studies have shown that METH can lead to a metabolic imbalance in METH users, especially the perturbation of energy metabolism and amino acid metabolism ( Kim et al, 2020 ; Wang et al, 2021 ). To explore the behavioral and metabolic changes that occurred in mice during METH withdrawal, the High-Resolution Behavioral and Metabolic Phenotyping System for Mice was used to monitor the respiration, metabolism and behavior of mice.…”

The combination of microbiome and metabolome to analyze the cross-cooperation mechanism ofEchinacea purpureapolysaccharide with the gut microbiotain vitroandin vivo

“…Sample preparation and GC-MS analysis were performed as previously described. 19 Briefly, 200 mg of mouse feces or 100 μL of fermentation broth was mixed with 1 ml of extraction solution (acetonitrile/isopropanol [1 : 1, v/v]). Then, the mixture was vortexed for 10 seconds and centrifuged at 13 000 g for 20 minutes at 4 °C.…”