The combination of microbiome and metabolome to analyze the cross-cooperation mechanism ofEchinacea purpureapolysaccharide with the gut microbiotain vitroandin vivo

Abstract

Echinacea purpurea polysaccharide (EPP) is a functional compound in Echinacea purpurea. At the present, it is generally recognized that plant polysaccharides can regulate the intestinal microecology, but there are few...

Dietary Polysaccharides Exert Anti-Fatigue Functions via the Gut-Muscle Axis: Advances and Prospectives

“…Natural polysaccharides participate in the multiple functions of host–microbe symbiosis in the gut, such as promoting the growth and activity of probiotics in the gut. It was reported that Echinacea purpurea polysaccharide (EPP) can regulate gut microbial diversity by increasing the abundance of Bifidobacterium and Streptococcus , while also reducing the abundance of Prevotella , Catenibacterium , and Ruminococcus torques [ 115 ]. It is noteworthy that the supplementation of Eucommiae cortex polysaccharides (EPs) can remarkably alleviate behavioral disturbances in mice by reducing the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes , inhibiting the expansion of Escherichia coli , and promoting the growth of SCFAs-producing bacteria, including Butyricicoccus , Fibrobacter , and Roseburia , in the gut microbiome [ 116 ].…”

“…EPP not only promotes the proliferation of gut-beneficial bacteria, but also stimulates the beneficial bacteria to metabolize polysaccharides and produce valuable metabolites, including tyrosine, tryptophan, beta-D-fructose 1,6-biphosphate, etc. [ 115 ]. There is growing opinion that the metabolites produced by microbes using polysaccharides are key players in gut integrity and host health.…”

“…Polysaccharides play an important role in intestinal microbiology [ 12 , 20 , 111 ]. Previous investigation showed that each individual’s response to polysaccharides primarily depends on their baseline intestinal microbiota, but whether or not intestinal microbiota directly drive the gut-muscle axis function during polysaccharide intake is unclear [ 115 ]. Carbohydrate intake, especially indigestible polysaccharide consumption, is the preferred substrate for intestinal bacteria [ 105 ].…”

“…[ 24 , 28 , 145 ]. Some studies have shown that exercise-induced fatigue tends to be associated with lower levels of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium [ 29 , 122 ], but the addition of some polysaccharides can increase their relative abundance, improve muscle mass and exercise performance, and reduce exercise fatigue [ 30 , 115 ]. On the other hand, EPs supplementation limits the abundance of Escherichia coli , which is overexpressed in inflammatory patients and damages muscles [ 28 , 116 ].…”

Improving Productivity and Health Status of Lactating Zaraibi Goats with Echinacea Purpurea or/and Chamomile Flower Supplementation

“…Caffeic acid derivatives, such as chicoric acid, chlorogenic acid, and caftaric acid, present in Echinacea purpurea, primarily exhibit antioxidant, anti-allergic, anti-inflammatory, anti-ulcer, and antiviral effects (Ye et al, 2019;de Oliveira et al, 2021;Ravazzolo et al, 2022). The polysaccharides in Echinacea purpurea contribute to various beneficial effects, including antioxidant, anti-tumor, antiviral, antibacterial, hypoglycemic, liver protection, immune regulation, and gastrointestinal protection (Jiang et al, 2021;Liu et al, 2020Liu et al, , 2022Shi et al, 2021). However, numerous studies have demonstrated the immunomodulatory, antibacterial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant therapeutic effects of Echinacea (Wang et al, 2024).…”