Untargeted Metabolite Profiling of Adipose Tissue in Hyperlipidemia Rats Exposed to Hawthorn Ethanol Extracts

Abstract

The study aimed to explore the metabolic changes of adipose tissue of hyperlipidemia rats with hawthorn ethanol extracts (HEE) consumption by a high‐throughput metabolomics approach. HEE were mainly composed of chlorogenic acid, hyperoside, isoquercitrin, rutin, vitexin, quercetin, and apigenin by HPLC analysis. HEE administration significantly lowered levels of the total cholesterols, triglyceride and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol as compared to the high‐fat diet model. Gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry was used to identify adipose metabolite profiles. Numerous endogenous molecules were altered by high‐fat diet and restored following intervention of HEE. Metabolites elevated in adipose, including l‐threonine, aspartic acid, glutamine, mannose, inositol and oleic acid, were detected after HEE consumption. Fifteen metabolites were identified as potential biomarkers of hyperlipidemia. Pathway analysis showed that most of the discriminant metabolites were included in fatty acid biosynthesis, galactose metabolism, biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, arginine and proline metabolism, alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism, glycerolipid metabolism and steroid biosynthesis. These metabolites and metabolic networks we found offer new insights into exploring the molecular mechanisms of lipid‐lowering of hawthorn ethanol extracts on adipose tissue of rats. Practical Application There was a very high proportion of hyperlipidemia in China. Hawthorn is attracting increasing attention owing to their health benefits, low toxicity, effectiveness and might be suitable for long‐term use.

Synergistic Effects of Lotus Seed Resistant Starch and Sodium Lactate on Hypolipidemic Function and Serum Nontargeted Metabolites in Hyperlipidemic Rats

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Untargeted metabolite profiling of liver in mice exposed to 2‐methylfuran

“…Mass range (50 to 600 m/z) in the full scan mode for electron impact (EI) ionization (70 eV) was applied. The identification of the compounds was made by authentic standards and by searching against the NIST library (2014) (Gaithersburg, MD, USA), Agilent Fiehn GC/MS metabolomics database (Hu et al., 2019). Quality control (QC) samples are made by mixing aliquots (10 µL) of the samples from all the test samples.…”

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“…Data analysis was made according to a previous study (Hu et al., 2019). Peak detection, peak recognition, and peak alignment were performed by the program MZmine 2.…”