Untargeted metabolite profiling of liver in mice exposed to 2‐methylfuran

Abstract

Furan, a significant food contaminant, was found in many cooked foods. In most cooked foods, furan has been found to be coexisted with some alkylated derivatives such as 2‐methylfuran. 2‐methylfuran was found to be potent hepatotoxins. Little toxicological data is available for 2‐methylfuran. The objective of this study was to investigate metabolite changes in the liver samples from mice fed with 2‐methylfuran by untargeted metabolomic approach. Metabolomic analysis was conducted by using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC‐MS). Twenty‐four metabolites were identified as differential metabolites. The important metabolic pathway was linoleic acid metabolism, glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism, methane metabolism, ascorbate, and aldarate metabolism, valine, leucine, and isoleucine biosynthesis, arachidonic acid metabolism, alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism, aminoacyl‐tRNA biosynthesis, cysteine, and methionine metabolism, inositol phosphate metabolism, and pyruvate metabolism. These newly identified pathways provide evidence for investigating toxic mechanism of 2‐methylfuran.Practical ApplicationFuran in foods has caused public health concern for its hepatotoxicity and hepatic carcinogenicity in rodents. The metabolomics method was constructed to find more biomarkers to study underlying hepatotoxic mechanisms of 2‐methylfuran. It will offer important information for official limits of 2‐methylfuran in foods.

Serum metabolomics strategy for investigating the hepatotoxicity induced by different exposure times and doses of Gynura segetum (Lour.) Merr. in rats based on GC-MS

“…And it was reported that cellular proline accumulation was a stress response because proline could scavenge free radical species. 32 Moreover, proline could transform into pyruvate to enter the citrate cycle, 33 which was related to energy metabolism in liver. The increase of valine and serine were as previously reported.…”

Metabolismus und Toxizität von 2‐Methylfuran

“…Bisher Besonderheiten der Niere wurde jedoch nicht gesichtet (Gill et al, 2014). aminoacyl-tRNA (Hu et al, 2021).…”

Hazard Ratio and Hazard Index as Preliminary Estimators Associated to the Presence of Furans and Alkylfurans in Belgian Foodstuffs

“…Since the report published by the US Food and Drug Administration on the occurrence of furan in foods [ 5 ], it has become an increasing matter of concern and thus different aspects related to this compound have been studied. These aspects include mainly the toxicity [ 6 , 7 , 8 ], the formation pathways [ 9 , 10 , 11 ], the occurrence in foods [ 12 , 13 , 14 ], the risk assessment [ 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 ], and the analytics [ 19 , 20 ]. However, these data mainly refer to furan, while limited data are available on its alkyl derivatives.…”