Untangling the transmission dynamics of primary and secondary vectors of Trypanosoma cruzi in Colombia: parasite infection, feeding sources and discrete typing units

Hernández, Carolina; Salazar, Camilo; Brochero, Helena; Teherán, Aníbal A.; Buitrago, Luz Stella; Vera, Mauricio; Soto, Hugo; Florez-Rivadeneira, Zulibeth; Ardila, Sussane; Parra-Henao, Gabriel; Ramírez, Juan David

doi:10.1186/s13071-016-1907-5

Cited by 58 publications

(95 citation statements)

References 62 publications

(75 reference statements)

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“…The field collected individuals were further screened for the presence of Trypanosoma cruzi . The diversity of Trypanosoma cruzi discrete typing units (DTUs), associated with geography, vector species, transmission and clinical outcomes (Hernández et al, 2016 ), spans five out of the six designated DTUs within United States (Garcia et al, 2017 ). Three sets of diagnostic primers were thus employed in this study: one generally amplifying all Trypanosoma cruzi DTUs (TCZ1/TCZ2; Moser et al, 1989 ) and the two other distinguishing for DTUI and the DTUII-VI group (ME/TC1 or TC2; Gumiel et al, 2015 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Those areas are the hot spots for Chagas disease, with nearly six million people affected (WHO, 2015 ). Among the seven main vector species of Trypanosoma cruzi in Latin America (Hernández et al, 2016 ), the most attention has traditionally been paid to Rhodnius prolixus colonizing domestic habitats (Gourbière et al, 2012 ). For many decades, R. prolixus has also served as a model organism to study insect physiology, immunity, metabolism, and development (Nunes-da-Fonseca et al, 2017 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Microbiomes of North American Triatominae: The Grounds for Chagas Disease Epidemiology

et al. 2018

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Insect microbiomes influence many fundamental host traits, including functions of practical significance such as their capacity as vectors to transmit parasites and pathogens. The knowledge on the diversity and development of the gut microbiomes in various blood feeding insects is thus crucial not only for theoretical purposes, but also for the development of better disease control strategies. In Triatominae (Heteroptera: Reduviidae), the blood feeding vectors of Chagas disease in South America and parts of North America, the investigation of the microbiomes is in its infancy. The few studies done on microbiomes of South American Triatominae species indicate a relatively low taxonomic diversity and a high host specificity. We designed a comparative survey to serve several purposes: (I) to obtain a better insight into the overall microbiome diversity in different species, (II) to check the long term stability of the interspecific differences, (III) to describe the ontogenetic changes of the microbiome, and (IV) to determine the potential correlation between microbiome composition and presence of Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of Chagas disease. Using 16S amplicons of two abundant species from the southern US, and four laboratory reared colonies, we showed that the microbiome composition is determined by host species, rather than locality or environment. The OTUs (Operational Taxonomic Units) determination confirms a low microbiome diversity, with 12-17 main OTUs detected in wild populations of T. sanguisuga and T. protracta. Among the dominant bacterial taxa are Acinetobacter and Proteiniphilum but also the symbiotic bacterium Arsenophonus triatominarum, previously believed to only live intracellularly. The possibility of ontogenetic microbiome changes was evaluated in all six developmental stages and feces of the laboratory reared model Rhodnius prolixus. We detected considerable changes along the host's ontogeny, including clear trends in the abundance variation of the three dominant bacteria, namely Enterococcus, Acinetobacter, and Arsenophonus. Finally, we screened the samples for the presence of Trypanosoma cruzi. Comparing the parasite presence with the microbiome composition, we assessed the possible significance of the latter in the epidemiology of the disease. Particularly, we found a trend toward more diverse microbiomes in Trypanosoma cruzi positive T. protracta specimens.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbiomes of North American Triatominae: The Grounds for Chagas Disease Epidemiology

et al. 2018

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“…Geographical distribution of R. nasutus and P. lutz is restricted to certain regions of the Northeast region 28 , and both species are considered secondary vectors for T. cruzi transmission. However, research in Colombia has shown the relevance of these species, demonstrating that 59.4% of the secondary vectors had humans as the main food source 29 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The mapping of vectors (Figure 1) allows the spatial observation of areas with T. cruzi infection and helps the local health services in the control and surveillance of these areas 14 . Geoprocessing techniques have been widely used to understand epidemiological aspects of CD vectors, including characterization of the areas where the disease is present [51][52][53] and the relation between its distribution and reservoirs 29,34 . This reinforces the importance of the data observed in this study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural infection by Trypanosoma cruzi in triatomines and seropositivity for Chagas disease of dogs in rural areas of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil

Freitas

Souza

Magalhães

et al. 2018

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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“…Estimated CD healthcare costs reach $175,000,000 annually (Castillo-Riquelme et al, 2008). Despite progress in vector control, active transmission by domestic and sylvatic triatomine species is an ongoing threat (Hernández et al, 2016a;Parra-Henao et al, 2016), and several oral outbreaks have occurred (Hernández et al, 2016b;Rueda et al, 2014). Moreover, Colombia confronts various barriers to diagnosis and treatment; only 1.2% of the at-risk population has been screened, while only 0.3-0.4% of expected cases have received etiological treatment (Cucunuba et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative evaluation of immunoassays to improve access to diagnosis for Chagas disease in Colombia

Díaz¹,

Forsyth²,

Bernal³

et al. 2019

International Journal of Infectious Diseases

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Chagas disease affects over six million people, but less than 1% are diagnosed and treated. Complicated diagnostic processes are a major barrier. Colombia's previous diagnostic algorithm, using inhouse tests, was difficult to scale up, creating significant access barriers for patients. A new algorithm using commercially manufactured immunoassays would potentially improve access, but these tests' performance in Colombian patients with Chagas disease is not well known. Methods: We assessed seven commercially available assays. Samples (n = 501), 93.8% originating from Colombia, were characterized as positive or negative based on standard procedure at the National Reference Laboratory. Performance characteristics were calculated for individual assays and hypothetical test pairings, then compared to the existing algorithm. Results: Five of seven assays exhibited sensitivity >98% while six showed specificity >97%. A total antigen ELISA paired with a recombinant assay provided similar performance to the current diagnostic process. Six of six assays tested proved capable of detecting different Trypanosoma cruzi genetic lineages. Conclusions: The study indicated that several commercial assays accurately detect T. cruzi infection in Colombian patients. A simplified testing process with two commercial assays could perform comparably to the previous process, reducing cost and accessibility barriers and facilitating national scale-up.

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Untangling the transmission dynamics of primary and secondary vectors of Trypanosoma cruzi in Colombia: parasite infection, feeding sources and discrete typing units

Cited by 58 publications

References 62 publications

Microbiomes of North American Triatominae: The Grounds for Chagas Disease Epidemiology

Microbiomes of North American Triatominae: The Grounds for Chagas Disease Epidemiology

Natural infection by Trypanosoma cruzi in triatomines and seropositivity for Chagas disease of dogs in rural areas of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil

Comparative evaluation of immunoassays to improve access to diagnosis for Chagas disease in Colombia

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