Untangling the association between environmental endocrine disruptive chemicals and the etiology of male genitourinary cancers

Abstract

Endocrine disrupting chemicals disrupt normal physiological function of endogenous hormones, their receptors, and signaling pathways of the endocrine system. Most endocrine disrupting chemicals exhibit estrogen/androgen agonistic and antagonistic activities that impinge upon hormone receptors and related pathways. Humans are exposed to endocrine disrupting chemicals through food, water and air, affecting the synthesis, release, transport, metabolism, binding, function and elimination of naturally occurring hormones. The urogenital organs function as sources of steroid hormones, are targeted end organs, and participate within systemic feedback loops within the endocrine system. The effects of endocrine disruptors can ultimately alter cellular homeostasis leading to a broad range of health effects, including malignancy. Human cancer is characterized by uncontrolled cell proliferation, mechanisms opposing cell-death, development of immortality, induction of angiogenesis, and promotion of invasion/metastasis. While hormonal malignancies of the male genitourinary organs are the second most common types of cancer, the molecular effects of endocrine disrupting chemicals in hormone-driven cancers has yet to be fully *

Endocrine Disruptor Bisphenol A (BPA) Triggers Systemic Para-Inflammation and is Sufficient to Induce Airway Allergic Sensitization in Mice

“…Synthetic xenoestrogens are widely used industrial compounds that are prevalent in the food and water supply of developed countries because of their widespread use as plasticizers in the production of food packaging. Low but persistent non-toxic exposure to xenoestrogens has been recently shown to be a serious environmental hazard linked to a vast array of human conditions, including allergic diseases [14][15][16][17]. Estrogen receptors alpha and beta play a central role in epithelial homeostasis in both sexes, which is independent of their role in reproduction and sexual development [18][19][20].…”

Meta-Analysis of Body Concentration of Polychlorinated Biphenyls and Prostate Cancer

“…In the study's Brureau et al (2020) relationship between PCBs and other cancers. Among these, six studies were review and commentary (Bleak and Calaf, 2021;Di Donato et al, 2017;Golden and Kimbrough, 2009;Houston and Ghosh, 2020;Muir, 2005;Roveda et al, 2006). Between two studies sharing subjects from Guadeloupe (French West Indies) (Brureau et al, 2020;Emeville et al, 2015), the study by Brureau et al (2020) was selected, because it was an updated cohort study of that one.…”

“…Whiles, PCBs congeners with higher chlorine content are resistant to biodegradation and therefore accumulate in the environment (Carpenter, 2006). These compounds were used for both open applications (such as flame retardants, inks, adhesives, paints, plasticizers, carbonless duplicating paper, metal coatings, wire insulators, and pesticide extenders) and enclosed applications (such as capacitors, transformers, and heat transfer and hydraulic fluids) (Houston and Ghosh, 2020). In 1977, the manufacture of PCBs was banned because of their high accumulation and persistence in the environment (Faroon and Ruiz, 2016).…”

Impact of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) on the predisposition of cancer and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS): A Note

“…69 Exposure to EDC may have been linked with male genitourinary cancers. 70 Impairment of endocrine system of human has been observed after exposure to EDC resulting in heart related, metabolic, and immune system dysfunctions in human beings. 71 (Table 1) After attaching with estrogen receptors EDCs cause activation of protein-1 (AP-1), nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), and specificity factor-1 (Sp1) which are acted as transcription factors, thereby inducing many chronic and comorbid diseases.…”