Unsynchronized Phasor-Based Protection Method for Single Line-to-Ground Faults in an Ungrounded Offshore Wind Farm with Fully-Rated Converters-Based Wind Turbines
Abstract:This paper proposes a protection method for single line-to-ground (SLG) faults in an ungrounded offshore wind farm with fully-rated converter-based wind turbines. The proposed method uses the unsynchronized current phasors measured by unit protections installed at the connection point of the fully-rated converter (FRC)-based wind turbines (WTs). Each unit protection collects the unsynchronized current phasors from two adjacent nodes and synchronizes them by aligning the positive-sequence current to the same ph… Show more
“…This feature allows the inclusion of the cable model with the mathematical description of other power components (such as transformers, filters, power converters including their control loops and harmonics, and others). Thus allowing the creation of a global analytical model of scenarios such as onshore and offshore wind power plants [32,33], electrically propelled vessels [34,35], electric railways, electrical grids [36] and many more, in where different types of cables and elements are presented. With this modeling approach, different valuable studies can be performed in order to obtain a higher understanding degree and contributing to the analysis and results presented in the previous references, which consider cable models at power frequency and neglecting their frequency dependent behavior.…”
In this paper, a Frequency-Dependent Pi Model (FDPi) of a three-core submarine cable is presented. The model is intended to be used for the representation of submarine cables in an Offshore Wind Power Plant (OWPP) scenario for both time and frequency domain analysis. The frequency-dependent variation of each conductive layer is modeled by a Foster equivalent network whose parameters are tuned by means of Vector Fitting (VF) algorithm. The complete formulation for the parameterization of the model is presented in detail, which allows an easy reproduction of the presented model. The validation of the model is performed via a comparison with a well-established reference model, the Universal Line Model (ULM) from PSCAD/EMTDC software. Two cable system case studies are presented. The first case study shows the response of the FDPi Model for a three-core submarine cable. On the other hand, the second case study depicts the response of three single-core underground cables laying in trefoil formation. This last case shows the applicability of the FDPi Model to other types of cable systems and indirectly validates the response of the aforementioned model with experimental results. Additionally, potential applications of the FDPi model are presented.
“…This feature allows the inclusion of the cable model with the mathematical description of other power components (such as transformers, filters, power converters including their control loops and harmonics, and others). Thus allowing the creation of a global analytical model of scenarios such as onshore and offshore wind power plants [32,33], electrically propelled vessels [34,35], electric railways, electrical grids [36] and many more, in where different types of cables and elements are presented. With this modeling approach, different valuable studies can be performed in order to obtain a higher understanding degree and contributing to the analysis and results presented in the previous references, which consider cable models at power frequency and neglecting their frequency dependent behavior.…”
In this paper, a Frequency-Dependent Pi Model (FDPi) of a three-core submarine cable is presented. The model is intended to be used for the representation of submarine cables in an Offshore Wind Power Plant (OWPP) scenario for both time and frequency domain analysis. The frequency-dependent variation of each conductive layer is modeled by a Foster equivalent network whose parameters are tuned by means of Vector Fitting (VF) algorithm. The complete formulation for the parameterization of the model is presented in detail, which allows an easy reproduction of the presented model. The validation of the model is performed via a comparison with a well-established reference model, the Universal Line Model (ULM) from PSCAD/EMTDC software. Two cable system case studies are presented. The first case study shows the response of the FDPi Model for a three-core submarine cable. On the other hand, the second case study depicts the response of three single-core underground cables laying in trefoil formation. This last case shows the applicability of the FDPi Model to other types of cable systems and indirectly validates the response of the aforementioned model with experimental results. Additionally, potential applications of the FDPi model are presented.
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