Frequency-Dependent Pi Model of a Three-Core Submarine Cable for Time and Frequency Domain Analysis

Ruiz, Carlos; Abad, Gonzalo; Zubiaga, Markel; Madariaga, Danel; Arza, Joseba

doi:10.3390/en11102778

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(39 reference statements)

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“…For simplicity and without much loss in accuracy, multiple PI sections model have been used have been to represent both transmission lines and cables. Derivation of the underground cable PI section has been done as [29]. As a rule of thumb, each individual PI section should not be longer than (1) [27].…”

Section: Transmission Linementioning

confidence: 99%

Study on Re-Energization Capability of a Hybrid Windfarm under a Microgrid-based Restoration Strategy

Maina¹,

Nair²

2021

Preprint

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Under a microgrid based (bottom-up) restoration strategy, considering a disaster related outage, the local generation is required to energize and supply the unaffected part of the network. Considering 100% renewable generation, only hydro based generation systems, if well equipped, can be able to blackstart and re-energize the network. Wind Energy Conversion Systems (WECSs) have been restricted to the latter stages of restoration due to their source intermittency and non-dispatchability and in order for them to participate in the initial restoration stages, voltage and frequency support auxiliary devices are required. This paper investigates the capability of a hybrid windfarm to participate in the initial stages of restoration similar to a conventional blackstart unit: Re-energization of the various network components and pick up of load. The auxiliary equipment in this case is a dump load to absorb excess power produced by the windfarm and a synchronous condenser to provide a stable voltage reference required for normal operation of the WECS. Firstly, the nominal range of operation is determined with an additional pitch control mode linking the dump load power to individual WECSs introduced for frequency control. Flicker and harmonics are investigated in determination of the hosting capacity. Studies are undertaken to investigate energization of transformers, underground cables, overhead lines and other non-blackstart units (including other WECSs). Consideration is given to Type 1 and Type 3 WECSs to investigate the capability of a non-inverter and inverter based WECS. MATLAB/Simulink has been used as the simulation platform due to its modelling flexibility.

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Section: Transmission Linementioning

confidence: 99%

Study on Re-Energization Capability of a Hybrid Windfarm under a Microgrid-based Restoration Strategy

Maina¹,

Nair²

2021

Preprint

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“…For the case of the OST and WTT transformers, 100 MVA and 20 MVA transformer data is selected, respectively, since they are the closest information available to the real values. The submarine cables of the OWPP scenario are modeled considering the Frequency-Dependent Pi (FDPi) model proposed in reference [13]. Fig.…”

Section: B Transformer Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The parameterization process of the MVAC submarine cables (collection network) and HVAC cable (transmission link) is performed according to the procedure presented in [13].…”

Section: B Transformer Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Wind Turbine Oriented Solutions to Improve Power Quality and Harmonic Compliance of AC Offshore Wind Power Plants

Ruiz¹,

Abad

Zubiaga

et al. 2021

IEEE Access

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The operation of offshore wind power plants with respect to power quality and grid code compliance must be verified for different conditions in the design phase using harmonic analysis methods. This paper addresses this verification by first considering a scenario in which wind turbines operate with a typically used modulation strategy, carrier-based pulse width modulation. The studies are performed at several operating points, not only at the rated condition, and at two points of the electrical infrastructure, at the point of connection of the wind turbine and at the point of common coupling of the offshore wind farm. For this type of modulation technique and according to the resonance conditions of the studied offshore system, the harmonic distortion of current signals is relatively high and the compliance of the Germangrid code is not achieved. To tackle this, wind turbine manufacturer oriented solutions are proposed with the aim of improving the harmonic emission of the offshore wind farm. The implementation of a particular solution of selective harmonic elimination is presented together with complementary solutions to further improve the harmonic emission of the wind power facility. Furthermore, this paper discloses the modeling approach to account for an adequate harmonic assessment of the wind power plant under study.

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“…This model has been used in [16,17] to obtain a state-space model and reduce the order of the cable model. Additionally, a frequency-dependent PI model of a three-core submarine cable was studied in [18].…”

Section: Full-order Admittance System Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aggregation of Type-4 Large Wind Farms Based on Admittance Model Order Reduction

et al. 2019

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This paper presents an aggregation technique based on the resolution of a multi-objective optimization problem applied to the admittance model of a wind power plant (WPP). The purpose of the presented aggregation technique is to reduce the order of the wind power plant model in order to accelerate WPP simulation while keeping a very similar control performance for both the simplified and the detailed models. The proposed aggregation technique, based on the admittance model order reduction, ensures the same DC gain, the same gain at the operating band frequency, and the same resonant peak frequency as the detailed admittance model. The proposed aggregation method is validated considering three 400-MW grid-forming Type-4 WPPs connected to a diode rectifier HVDC link. The proposed aggregation technique is compared to two existing aggregation techniques, both in terms of frequency and time response. The detailed and aggregated models have been tested using PSCAD-EMTsimulations, with the proposed aggregated model leading to a 350-fold reduction of the simulation time with respect to the detailed model. Moreover, for the considered scenario, the proposed aggregation technique offers simulation errors that are, at least, three-times smaller than previously-published aggregation techniques.

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Frequency-Dependent Pi Model of a Three-Core Submarine Cable for Time and Frequency Domain Analysis

Cited by 5 publications

References 30 publications

Study on Re-Energization Capability of a Hybrid Windfarm under a Microgrid-based Restoration Strategy

Study on Re-Energization Capability of a Hybrid Windfarm under a Microgrid-based Restoration Strategy

Wind Turbine Oriented Solutions to Improve Power Quality and Harmonic Compliance of AC Offshore Wind Power Plants

Aggregation of Type-4 Large Wind Farms Based on Admittance Model Order Reduction

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