Unsteady Three-Dimensional MHD Non-Axisymmetric Homann Stagnation Point Flow of a Hybrid Nanofluid with Stability Analysis

Abstract

The hybrid nanofluid under the influence of magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) is a new interest in the industrial sector due to its applications, such as in solar water heating and scraped surface heat exchangers. Thus, the present study accentuates the analysis of an unsteady three-dimensional MHD non-axisymmetric Homann stagnation point flow of a hybrid Al2O3-Cu/H2O nanofluid with stability analysis. By employing suitable similarity transformations, the governing mathematical model in the form of the partial differential equations are simplified into a system of ordinary differential equations. The simplified mathematical model is then solved numerically by the Matlab solver bvp4c function. This solving approach was proficient in generating more than one solution when good initial guesses were provided. The numerical results presented significant influences on the rate of heat transfer and fluid flow characteristics of a hybrid nanofluid. The rate of heat transfer and the trend of the skin friction coefficient improve with the increment of the nanoparticles’ concentration and the magnetic parameter; however, they deteriorate when the unsteadiness parameter increases. In contrast, the ratio of the escalation of the ambient fluid strain rate to the plate was able to adjourn the boundary layer separation. The dual solutions (first and second solutions) are obtainable when the surface of the sheet shrunk. A stability analysis is carried out to justify the stability of the dual solutions, and hence the first solution is seen as physically reliable and stable, while the second solution is unstable.

Hybrid Nanofluid Flow over a Permeable Non-Isothermal Shrinking Surface

“…Moreover, dual solutions of hybrid nanofluid flow were examined by Waini et al [34][35][36][37][38][39]. Other physical aspects have been considered by several authors [40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49] and review papers are also available [50][51][52][53][54][55].…”

Unsteady Stagnation Point Flow of Hybrid Nanofluid Past a Convectively Heated Stretching/Shrinking Sheet with Velocity Slip

“…Bachok et al [6] concluded that inclusion of the unsteadiness parameter offers a significant impact towards the boundary layer flow in nanofluid and Fan et al [7] presented analytical solutions using the homotopy analysis method (HAM) and managed to advertise a highly precise analytical estimation which is in excellent agreement with the numerical results offered by the Keller box scheme. It is worth mentioning that a considerable amount of reviews on the unsteady stagnation point flow due to a stretching/shrinking surface have been accomplished by numerous researchers, including [8][9][10][11].…”

Insight into the dynamics of second grade hybrid radiative nanofluid flow within the boundary layer subject to Lorentz force

“…Suresh et al 22 , 23 led the exploratory effort utilizing to examine the upgrade of the liquid thermal conductivity. Afterwards numerous investigators carried various studies for hybrid nanofluid by considering stretching/shrinking surfaces such as Waini et al 24 , 25 , Zainal et al 26 and Khashi’ie et al 27 , 28 . Relationships of thermal conductivity for ordinary nanofluids are completely examined and this study emphasizes planning, complications and challenges of hybrid nanofluids by Das 29 .…”