Unstable historic glass: symptoms, causes, mechanisms and conservation

Kunicki-Goldfinger, Jerzy J.

doi:10.1179/sic.2008.53.supplement-2.47

Cited by 34 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The weathering mechanisms of potash‐lime‐silica glass pieces of the stained windows of the Basilica of Santa Croce show clear similarities with weathering phenomena observed on K‐Ca type glass in other stained glass windows in Italy and all over Europe …”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 52%

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Analytical investigation of 14th century stained glass windows from Santa Croce Basilica in Florence

Verità

Bracci

Porcinai

2019

Int J of Appl Glass Sci

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The Basilica di Santa Croce (Basilica of the Holy Cross) is the major Franciscan church in Florence (Italy). Among the prominent masterpieces preserved in this church, there are 22 medieval stained glass windows. Between 2000 and 2013, the Opera di Santa Croce started a restoration campaign of six of the most important ones, dated 14th c. In this paper, the archaeometric data collected during the restoration campaign are reported. Two major base glass compositions (potash-lime-silica and soda-lime-silica) were identified by quantitative chemical analysis. Results are compared with similar investigations on Italian stained glass windows of the 14th-15th centuries and many similarities are highlighted. Some interesting "secrets" of the coloring techniques based also on multilayer glass pieces were revealed. Finally, SEM-EDS analyses allowed the main weathering glass phenomena to be investigated.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 52%

“…On the inner surface, pitting phenomena are observed only in the K‐Ca glass samples. The low K‐Ca glass samples' resistance against weathering was attributed to their low silica and high potash content . Nevertheless, this group shows a large compositional variability which significantly changes their resistance against weathering.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analytical investigation of 14th century stained glass windows from Santa Croce Basilica in Florence

Verità

Bracci

Porcinai

2019

Int J of Appl Glass Sci

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“…The deconvolution using Voigt profiles gives nearly the same results. 10 See the description of the Q n nomenclature in the next footnote. glasses as a network former or as modifier of the SiO 2 network [23].…”

Section: Micro-ftir Spectroscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are many reports in the literature suggesting the glass corrosion, glass disease, or crizzling, i.e. chemical processes occurring on the surface of glass at high humidity, as the main cause of the destruction of glass [9][10][11]. Koob distinguishes five main stages of the corrosion process [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glass depolymerization in the process of long-term corrosion: A study of deteriorating semiopaque turquoise glass beads using micro-FTIR spectroscopy

Kadikova

Морозова

Yuryeva

et al. 2020

Mater. Res. Express

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Nowadays, a problem of historical beadworks conservation in museum collections is actual more than ever because of fatal corrosion of the 19th century glass beads. Study of the beads at different stages of glass corrosion using FTIR was carried out in the attenuated total reflection mode in the range from 200 to 4000 cm −1 . We have observed glass depolymerization in the degraded beads, which is exhibited in domination of the band peaked at ∼1000 cm −1 . We conclude that the simplification of the glass structure during its long-term degradation at room temperature may be explained within the thermalfluctuation theory of materials fracture. We consider glass depolymerization, caused by the internal stress and decreasing the glass strength, as an essential corrosion mechanism of strongly stressed glass. We have also revealed shifts of two major absorption bands to low-frequency range (∼1000 and ∼775 cm −1 ) compared to ones typical for amorphous SiO 2 (∼1100 and 800 cm −1 , respectively) connected with Pb 2+ and K + appending to the glass network. The presence of a weak band at ∼1630 cm −1 in all the spectra is attributed to the adsorption of H 2 O. After annealing of the beads, the latter band disappeared completely in less deteriorated samples and significantly weakened in more degraded ones. Based on that we conclude that there is molecular water adsorbed on the beads. However, products of corrosion (e.g., alkali in the form of white crystals or droplets of liquid alkali) were not observed on the surface.

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“…Whilst much progress has been made in understanding buried glass deterioration [22], there are few studies of the atmospheric processes occurring on historic glass compositions. These have been reviewed [23]. The deterioration within a Daguerreotype packet is clearly more rapid than in the ambient air around the packet and more complex.…”

Section: Daguerreotype Cover Glassesmentioning

confidence: 99%

FTIR surface analysis for conservation

Thickett

Pretzel

2020

Herit Sci

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Several FTIR techniques are surface-sensitive. This sensitivity can be utilized to help with a wide range conservation issues. Examples from object degradation studies, conservation materials performance assessment and monitoring are presented. These are used to discuss the issues, advantages and information that can be drawn from studies. Glass degradation was quantified on the surfaces of cover glasses from important Nineteenth century daguerreotypes using Germanium attenuated total reflectance. The very limited information depth endowed by the high refractive index crystal gave good sensitivity when other techniques such as sectioning and scanning electron microscopy had failed to detect a gel layer present. The inner glass surface was always more deteriorated and the degree of deterioration inversely correlated with the distance between the inner glass surface and the daguerreotype or brass matt surface. Reflection-absorption FTIR microscopy has been combined with an excimer laser to determine the water content of a series of sections through the depth of a wax. A common wax used to protect metals has been found to take up liquid water in humid environments and hold that water close to or at the metal surface. An adjustable height gold mirror was used to bounce the IR beam many times across a surface, which can give extreme sensitivity. Haze and smoke generators are increasingly being introduced into displays or for special events or filming. Very low detection limits (1 ng) were found using gold coated glass slides to detect haze deposits.

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Unstable historic glass: symptoms, causes, mechanisms and conservation

Cited by 34 publications

References 20 publications

Analytical investigation of 14th century stained glass windows from Santa Croce Basilica in Florence

Analytical investigation of 14th century stained glass windows from Santa Croce Basilica in Florence

Glass depolymerization in the process of long-term corrosion: A study of deteriorating semiopaque turquoise glass beads using micro-FTIR spectroscopy

FTIR surface analysis for conservation

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