This paper is devoted to certain differential-geometric constructions in classical and noncommutative statistics, invariant with respect to the category of Markov maps, which have recently been developed by Soviet, Japanese, and Danish researchers.Among the topics considered are invariant metrics and invariant characteristics of informational proximity, and lower bounds are found for the uniform topologies that they generate on sets of states.A description is given of all invariant Riemannian metrics on manifolds of sectorial states.The equations of the geodesics for the entire family of invariant linear connections A = ~A, yEIR, are integrated on sets of classical probability distributions.A description is given of the projective structure of all the geodesic curves and totally geodesic submanifolds, which turns out to be a local lattice structure; it is shown to coincide, up to a factor T(7 -I), with the Riemann-Christoffel curvature tensor.I. The collection of all probability measures P(.) on a measurable space (~, ~) of elementary outcomes ~ is a convex subset of the semi-ordered linear space of all countably additive charges R, i.e., measures of bounded variation on (~,~). Compatible with the semiorder relation of this space is the natural norm -the total variation of the charge

No abstract

(1R,2R,6S)-3-Methyl-6-(prop-1-en-2-yl)cyclohex-3-ene-1,2-diol 1 possesses potent antiparkinsonian activity in both MPTP and haloperidol animal models. The use of compound 1 resulted in nearly full recovery of the locomotor and exploratory activities and was as effective as the comparator agent (levodopa). All eight stereoisomers of compound 1 have been synthesized and the influence of the absolute configuration on the antiparkinsonian activity of compound 1 was shown.

No abstract

KSbOSiO 4 microcrystallites as a source of corrosion of blue-green lead-potassium glass beads of the 19th century Presently, deterioration of glass beads is a significant problem in conservation and restoration of beaded exhibits in museums. Glass corrosion affects nearly all kinds of beads but cloudy blue-green ones are more than others subjected to disastrous destruction. However, physical and chemical mechanisms of this phenomenon have not been understood thus far. This article presents results of a study of elemental and phase composition of glass of the blue-green beads of the 19th century obtained from exhibits kept in Russian museums. Using scanning electron microscopy, X-ray microanalysis and X-ray powder analysis we have detected and investigated Sb-rich microinclusions in the glass matrix of these beads and found them to be micro crystallites of KSbSiO 5 . These crystallites were not detected in other kinds of beads which are much less subjected to corrosion than the blue-green ones and deteriorate in a different way. We believe that individual precipitates of KSbSiO 5 and especially their clusters play a major role in the blue-green bead deterioration giving rise to slow internal corrosion of the bead glass.

Nowadays, a problem of historical beadworks conservation in museum collections is actual more than ever because of fatal corrosion of the 19th century glass beads. Study of the beads at different stages of glass corrosion using FTIR was carried out in the attenuated total reflection mode in the range from 200 to 4000 cm −1 . We have observed glass depolymerization in the degraded beads, which is exhibited in domination of the band peaked at ∼1000 cm −1 . We conclude that the simplification of the glass structure during its long-term degradation at room temperature may be explained within the thermalfluctuation theory of materials fracture. We consider glass depolymerization, caused by the internal stress and decreasing the glass strength, as an essential corrosion mechanism of strongly stressed glass. We have also revealed shifts of two major absorption bands to low-frequency range (∼1000 and ∼775 cm −1 ) compared to ones typical for amorphous SiO 2 (∼1100 and 800 cm −1 , respectively) connected with Pb 2+ and K + appending to the glass network. The presence of a weak band at ∼1630 cm −1 in all the spectra is attributed to the adsorption of H 2 O. After annealing of the beads, the latter band disappeared completely in less deteriorated samples and significantly weakened in more degraded ones. Based on that we conclude that there is molecular water adsorbed on the beads. However, products of corrosion (e.g., alkali in the form of white crystals or droplets of liquid alkali) were not observed on the surface.

We previously showed that monoterpenoid (1R,2R,6S)-3-methyl-6-(prop-1-en-2yl)cyclohex-3-ene-1,2-diol 1 alleviates motor manifestations of Parkinson's disease in animal models. In the present study, we designed and synthesized monoepoxides of (1R,2R,6S)-3-methyl-6-(prop-1-en-2-yl)cyclohex-3-ene-1,2-diol 1 and evaluated their biological activity in the MPTP mouse model of Parkinson's disease. We also assessed the ability of these compounds to penetrate the blood brain barrier (BBB). According to these data, we choose epoxide 4, which potently restored locomotor activity in MPTP-treated mice and penetrated the BBB with high efficacy, to further explore the potential mechanism of action. Epoxide 4 was found to robustly promote the survival of cultured dopamine neurons, protect dopamine neurons from toxin-induced degeneration and trigger the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling cascade in cells of neuronal 2 origin. Meanwhile, neither survival-promoting effect nor MAPK activation was observed in nonneuronal cells treated with epoxide 4. In the MPTP mice model of Parkinson's disease, compound 4 increased the density of fibers expressing the key enzyme of dopamine synthesis, tyrosine hydroxylase. Taken together, these data indicate that epoxide 4 can be a promising compound for further development not only as symptomatic treatment but also as a disease-modifying drug to treat Parkinson's disease.

No abstract