Unsolicited interpretation and recall of interpersonal events.

Harvey, John H.; Yarkin, Kerry L.; Lightner, Jean M.; Town, Jerri P.

doi:10.1037/0022-3514.38.4.551

Cited by 83 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 29 publications

(29 reference statements)

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“…lations of this variable have been found to affect liking (Berscheid, Graziano, Monson and Dermer, 1976), impression formation (Erber and Fiske, 1984) and causal attribution (Harvey, Yarkin, Lightner and Town, 1980). Of more direct relevance to our research, Srull and Brand (1 983) reported higher levels of memory with anticipated interaction-than memory-instructions.…”

Section: Ijltroductionmentioning

confidence: 64%

Social categorization and person memory: The pervasiveness of race as an organizing principle

Hewstone

Hantzi

Johnston

1991

Euro J Social Psych

118

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Two studies investigated the pervasiveness of race as a social categorization and whether the organization of information around racial categories is sensitive to contextual factors. Both studies measured accentuation eflects (more intra-than inter-race errors) and own-group bias (fewer confusions between own-than other-group members) in person memory, using the paradigm developed by Taylor, Fiske, Etcoff and Ruderman (1978 and Neuberg (1990) and Brewer (1988) argue that category-based processes have priority over attribute-based processes. Given our limited cognitive resources, it is both simpler (requiring less effort) and more efficient (requiring less time) for a perceiver to use categorical information to process information about individuals belonging to a group, than it is to analyse each person on an individual basis. According to Fiske and Neuberg (1990), the stage of 'initial categorization' occurs immediately as a perceiver encounters information (whether in the form of skin colour, clothing, speech style etc) sufficient to cue a meaningful social category. This initial stage indicates the pervasiveness of social categorization, with basic types of categories (e.g. race) thought to be accessed for virtually any target. The research reported below explores the ubiquity of social categorization and whether the organization of information around social categories is sensitive to contextual factors such as the relevance of a topic to a social category, and perceivers' processing goals.The paradigm we use to explore these issues has its origins in the pioneering studies of Henri Tajfel(1959), who proposed a theory of social judgment that provided a purely cognitive basis for the accentuation of intergroup differences. According to Tajfel, the categorization of objects (including social groups) is based on similarities within and differences between categories. Assimilation and contrast effects refer, respectively, to the accentuation of these basic processes, whereby perceivers minimize within-group differences and, especially, exaggerate between-group differences. Although the former effect was not significant in the original study (Tajfel and Wilkes, 1963), it has been found in later studies and the accentuation effect has been generalized from objects to social groups (Lilli, 1970;Marchand, 1970;Tajfel, Sheikh and Gardner, 1964). The magnitude of such accentuation effects can be seen as an index of the extent to which information is organized around social categories.Taylor, Fiske, Etcoff and Rudennan (1978, Experiment 1) extended this paradigm by having white subjects listen to a tape recording of a small-group discussion and simultaneously observe slides of each speaker (three black men and three white men) as he talked. After the 15-minute discussion, subjects were given a list of all the suggestions that had been made, and a set of pictures of all the participants. Subjects were asked to indicate which speaker had made each suggestion. The idea behind the study is simple: if race is used as...

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Section: Ijltroductionmentioning

confidence: 64%

Social categorization and person memory: The pervasiveness of race as an organizing principle

Hewstone

Hantzi

Johnston

1991

Euro J Social Psych

118

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“…All answers were recorded and coded replicating Hayter's (2011) attributional approach (Gatewood et al 1995;Harvey et al 1980). The current motivations and views of success were then compared to original responses.…”

Section: Theory and Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Public or private entrepreneurship? Revisiting motivations and definitions of success among academic entrepreneurs

Hayter

2015

J Technol Transf

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The choice of university faculty to engage in academic entrepreneurship-the establishment and management of a university spinoff company-is a critical component of university economic development efforts. Replicating Hayter (J Technol Transf 36:340-352, 2011), this study investigates motivations and definitions of success among academic entrepreneurs, how they evolve, and why. The results show that academic entrepreneurs are motivated by a number of distinct, yet interrelated reasons and that spinoffs are viewed as a vehicle to pursue SBIR awards and consulting opportunities that can, in turn, enhance their traditional academic teaching and research responsibilities. Several academic entrepreneurs have enjoyed commercialization success yet, as a group, near-term commercialization goals and financial motivations have become relatively less important. While these findings have important implications for policy, they also signal a new conceptualization of university spinoffs as a low-growth contract research firm and provide empirical support for the emerging theory of public entrepreneurship.

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“…Subjects completed an un-solicited attribution measure (Harvey, Yarkin, Lightner, & Town, 1980) by writing down, in detail, all thoughts or feelings they might have had while reading the essay. Personality ratings.…”

Section: Dependent Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%