Unrest episodes at Campi Flegrei: A reconstruction of vertical ground movements during 1905–2009

Gaudio, Carlo Del; Aquino, I.; Ricciardi, Giuseppe; Ricco, C.; Scandone, Roberto

doi:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2010.05.014

Cited by 232 publications

(193 citation statements)

References 19 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

189

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The Monte Nuovo eruption is particularly interesting because it occurred after 3000 years of volcanic quiescence and following a period of ground level movements and seismicity (as described in historical chronicles; Guidoboni and Ciuccarelli 2011) that have characteristics comparable to the recent bradyseisms in the Campi Flegrei area (Parascandola 1947;Del Gaudio et al 2010). Constraining the timing of magma movements in the subsurface shortly before the eruption is a key factor to unraveling the significance of phenomena affecting the Campi Flegrei during volcanic quiescence.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Constraining pre-eruptive magma conditions and unrest timescales during the Monte Nuovo eruption (1538 ad; Campi Flegrei, Southern Italy): integrating textural and CSD results from experimental and natural trachy-phonolites

et al. 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We present crystallization experiments representing a broad range of growth conditions of alkali feldspar and sodalite in a trachy-phonolite magma composition during later stages of evolution. Our results include (i) textural data and mineral assemblages of synthetic samples; (ii) feldspar nucleation kinetics and growth rate estimates; and (iii) textural data, mineral abundances, and crystal size distribution measurements on samples representative of the Monte Nuovo eruption (1538 AD), the last eruption of Campi Flegrei, Southern Italy. Experiments reproduced the texture and feldspar content of natural products indicating that kinetic data can provide insights into processes within the volcanic system shortly before and during this small-magnitude eruption and, particularly, about magma ascent timescale. We suggest that the groundmass crystallization of Monte Nuovo magma started between 4 and 7 km depth (∼100-200 MPa) at a temperature between 825 and 840°C (close to the liquidus of alkali feldspar). The crystallization kinetics of alkali feldspar and the absence of sodalite in most of the natural samples indicate that magma ascent rate increased in the shallow part of the conduit from about 3 km depth to the quenching level (possibly fragmentation point; ∼30 MPa), during the first phases of the eruption.The crystallization time of the magma requires that it ascended from pre-eruptive storage to the quenching level in several hours to a few days. We also observe that a small decrease in pressure can induce a dramatic increase in crystallinity, with associated rheological changes, leading to changes in the eruption style, and such changes could occur on timescales of hours to several days. The products from the later phases of the Monte Nuovo eruption are more crystalline and contain sodalite in response to the decrease in magma ascent rate, which in turn allowed for more degassing during ascent, resulting in more time spent at very shallow depths.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Constraining pre-eruptive magma conditions and unrest timescales during the Monte Nuovo eruption (1538 ad; Campi Flegrei, Southern Italy): integrating textural and CSD results from experimental and natural trachy-phonolites

et al. 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Thus, the installed temperature measurement system represents an important step in the monitoring of this high-risk volcanic area, since temperature changes are among the most robust precursors of gas and magma migration towards the surface, possibly forecasting impending eruptions. Furthermore, the caldera of Campi Flegrei is characterized by a deformation pattern, with transient behavior, that can be explained by the overlapping of short time pulses, that are caused by injection of magmatic fluids into the hydrothermal system and a longer time process of heating the rock [9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. Thus, the thermal monitoring system here presented can be used to better understand the driving processes related to transient phenomena and to mitigate potential hazards.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distributed-Temperature-Sensing Using Optical Methods: A First Application in the Offshore Area of Campi Flegrei Caldera (Southern Italy) for Volcano Monitoring

Carlino

Mirabile²,

Troise

et al. 2016

Remote Sensing

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract:A temperature profile 2400 m along the off-shore active caldera of Campi Flegrei (Gulf of Pozzuoli) was obtained by the installation of a permanent fiber-optic monitoring system within the framework of the Innovative Monitoring for Coastal and Marine Environment (MON.I.C.A) project. The system consists of a submerged, reinforced, multi-fiber cable containing six single-mode telecom grade optical fibers that, exploiting the stimulated Brillouin scattering, provide distributed temperature sensing (DTS) with 1 m of spatial resolution. The obtained data show that the offshore caldera, at least along the monitored profile, has many points of heat discharge associated with fluid emission. A loose association between the temperature profile and the main structural features of the offshore caldera was also evidenced by comparing DTS data with a high-resolution reflection seismic survey. This represents an important advancement in the monitoring of this high-risk volcanic area, since temperature variations are among the precursors of magma migration towards the surface and are also crucial data in the study of caldera dynamics. The adopted system can also be applied to many other calderas which are often partially or largely submerged and hence difficult to monitor.

show abstract

“…The Campi Flegrei caldera is a nested and resurgent structure in the Campania Region, South Italy (Orsi et al 1996), possibly formed after two large caldera forming eruptions: the Campanian Ignimbrite eruption (39 ka, Fedele et al 2008) and the Neapolitan Yellow Tuff (15 ka, Deino et al 2004). Its magmatic system is still active as testified by the occurrence of the last eruption in 1538 AD, as well as the present widespread fumaroles and hot springs activity, and the persistent state of unrest (Del Gaudio et al 2010;Chiodini et al 2003Chiodini et al , 2012Chiodini et al , 2015Moretti et al 2013). For compositionally homogenous magmas such as those extruded at the Campi Flegrei caldera (trachytes and phonolites being by far the most abundant rocks), major oxide and trace element variations cannot be used to unequivocally establish which magma evolution processes operated.…”

Section: Numerical and Experimental Studies: New Ideas For Decipherinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magma Mixing: History and Dynamics of an Eruption Trigger

Morgavi

Arienzo

Montagna

et al. 2017

Advances in Volcanology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The most violent and catastrophic volcanic eruptions on Earth have been triggered by the refilling of a felsic volcanic magma chamber by a hotter more mafic magma. Examples include Vesuvius 79 AD, Krakatau 1883, Pinatubo 1991, and Eyjafjallajökull 2010. Since the first hypothesis, plenty of evidence of magma mixing processes, in all tectonic environments, has accumulated in the literature allowing this natural process to be defined as fundamental petrological processes playing a role in triggering volcanic eruptions, and in the generation of the compositional variability of igneous rocks. Combined with petrographic, mineral chemistry and geochemical investigations, isotopic analyses on volcanic rocks have revealed compositional variations at different length scales pointing to a complex interplay of fractional crystallization, mixing/mingling and crustal contamination during the evolution of several magmatic feeding systems. But to fully understand the dynamics of mixing and mingling

show abstract

Unrest episodes at Campi Flegrei: A reconstruction of vertical ground movements during 1905–2009

Cited by 232 publications

References 19 publications

Constraining pre-eruptive magma conditions and unrest timescales during the Monte Nuovo eruption (1538 ad; Campi Flegrei, Southern Italy): integrating textural and CSD results from experimental and natural trachy-phonolites

Constraining pre-eruptive magma conditions and unrest timescales during the Monte Nuovo eruption (1538 ad; Campi Flegrei, Southern Italy): integrating textural and CSD results from experimental and natural trachy-phonolites

Distributed-Temperature-Sensing Using Optical Methods: A First Application in the Offshore Area of Campi Flegrei Caldera (Southern Italy) for Volcano Monitoring

Magma Mixing: History and Dynamics of an Eruption Trigger

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About