Unrest at the Campi Flegrei caldera (Italy): A critical evaluation of source parameters from geodetic data inversion

Gottsmann, Joachim; Rymer, Hazel; Berrino, Giovanna

doi:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2005.07.002

Cited by 73 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…However, a very shallow (<3 km) pressure source seems to be required to fit the observed ground deformation data (Bonafede, 1991;Gottsmann et al, 2006;Amoruso et al, 2008), unless structural discontinuities (Acocella et al, 1999) localize the deformation induced by pressure or volume changes in the deep magma chamber (De Natale and Pingue, 1993;Orsi et al, 1996Orsi et al, , 1999De Natale et al, 1997;Acocella et al, 2000;Folch and Gottsmann, 2006). Prior models that supported the coupling of magmatic and hydrothermal interaction during unrest crises (e.g.…”

Section: Regional Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of channelized flow on temperature distribution and fluid flow in restless calderas: Insight from Campi Flegrei caldera, Italy

Jasim

Whitaker

Rust

2015

Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research

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Magmatic hydrothermal systems develop by the imposition of a magmatically derived heat flux upon a shallow groundwater system. As such their dynamics can be intermittently perturbed by changing conditions within the associated magmatic system. Understanding the nature of the coupling between the magmatic and groundwater systems is thus key to discriminating geophysical signals of magmatic unrest from purely hydrothermal ones. A C C E P T E D M A N U S C R I P T ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT 2 Using a series of numerical groundwater models run with TOUGH2, we simulate the coupled groundwater-magmatic system at Campi Flegrei caldera, with particular emphasis on the impact of permeability developed within local fault systems and the dynamics of the system during magmatic unrest. Simulation results suggest that faults can play an important role in controlling the dynamics of recharge and heat transport within the shallow hydrothermal reservoir. Results specifically highlight that contrasts in permeability between faults and surrounding rock impact local temperature gradients, with faults either acting as preferential routes for recharge or discharge of groundwater, depending on fault/caldera fill permeability contrast and the vertical extent of the fault. Simulations of magmatic unrest with a step-wise increase in basal heat flux suggest that periodic geophysical and chemical signals may stem from the interaction between the development of gas at depth and the recharge-discharge dynamics of the reservoir. These results highlight the potential for the dynamics of magmatic-hydrothermal systems to be significantly impacted by the presence and nature of local fault systems. Where dynamic groundwater systems are involved, it is thus important to understand the impact of such geological elements when interpreting monitoring data such as ground deformation, seismicity and gas emissions.

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Section: Regional Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of channelized flow on temperature distribution and fluid flow in restless calderas: Insight from Campi Flegrei caldera, Italy

Jasim

Whitaker

Rust

2015

Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research

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“…However, many other processes may also cause deformation, including hydrothermal circulation (e.g. Gottsmann et al 2006;Chiodini et al 2012), lava flow compaction (e.g. Ebmeier et al 2012 and references therein), edifice instability (Ebmeier et al 2010;Ruch et al 2012), dome extrusion (e.g.…”

Section: Remote Sensing Of Surface Deformationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Remote sensing of volcanoes and volcanic processes: integrating observation and modelling – introduction

Pyle

Mather

Biggs

2013

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“…A volume range from 0.5 to about 30 km 3 is assumed, which corresponds to a spherical source of 0.5 to 2.0 km in radius, respectively. The fluid influx during the 1972-1974 and 1982-1984 periods of unrest has been evaluated as from 0.009 to 0.02 km 3 y -1 , respectively Gottsmann et al 2006). In our case here, we assume that, initially, this influx was due to the arrival of magma.…”

Section: Viscoelastic Behaviourmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some studies have presented elastic models of the 1970-1972-1984unrest (De Natale and Pingue 1993Berrino et al 1984;Berrino 1994;De Natale et al 2001;Gottsmann et al 2006), in which the deformation has been related to the pressure increases in a shallow magmatic body located below Pozzuoli. Many studies have highlighted the problems of modelling realistic values of overpressure to accommodate the uplift recorded during the CFc unrest without the occurrence of an eruption (Bianchi et al 1987;Quareni 1990;Bonafede 1991;De Natale et al 1991, 2006Trasatti et al 2005;Gottsmann et al 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many studies have highlighted the problems of modelling realistic values of overpressure to accommodate the uplift recorded during the CFc unrest without the occurrence of an eruption (Bianchi et al 1987;Quareni 1990;Bonafede 1991;De Natale et al 1991, 2006Trasatti et al 2005;Gottsmann et al 2006). Using elasto-plastic and viscoelastic models, Trasatti et al (2005) and Bonafede et al (1986) showed that the values of overpressure are substantially lower than those obtained using elastic models.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Eruptive versus non-eruptive behaviour of large calderas: the example of Campi Flegrei caldera (southern Italy)

Carlino

Somma

2010

Bull Volcanol

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Caldera eruptions are among the most hazardous of natural phenomena. Many calderas around the world are active and are characterised by recurrent uplift and subsidence periods due to the dynamics of their magma reservoirs. These periods of unrest are, in some cases, accompanied by eruptions. At Campi Flegrei caldera (CFc), which is an area characterised by very high volcanic risk, the recurrence of this behaviour has stimulated the study of the rock rheology around the magma chamber, in order to estimate the likelihood of an eruption. This study considers different scenarios of shallow crustal behaviour, taking into account the earlier models of CFc ground deformation and caldera eruptions, and including recent geophysical investigations of the area. A semi-quantitative evaluation of the different factors that lead to magma storage or to its eruption (such as magma chamber size, wall-rock viscosity, temperature, and regional tectonic strain rate) is reported here for elastic and viscoelastic conditions. Considering the large magmatic sources of the CFc ignimbrite eruptions (400-2,000 km 3 ) and a wall-rock viscosity between 10 18 and 10 20 Pa s, the conditions for eruptive failure are difficult to attain. Smaller source dimensions (a few cubic kilometres) promote the condition for fracture (eruption) rather than for the flow of wall rock. We also analyse the influence of the regional extensional stress regime on magma storage and eruptions, and the thermal stress as a possible source of caldera uplift. The present study also emphasises the difficulty of distinguishing eruption and non-eruption scenarios at CFc, since an unambiguous model that accounts for the rock rheology, magma-source dimensions and locations and regional stress field influences is still lacking.

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Unrest at the Campi Flegrei caldera (Italy): A critical evaluation of source parameters from geodetic data inversion

Cited by 73 publications

References 38 publications

Impact of channelized flow on temperature distribution and fluid flow in restless calderas: Insight from Campi Flegrei caldera, Italy

Impact of channelized flow on temperature distribution and fluid flow in restless calderas: Insight from Campi Flegrei caldera, Italy

Remote sensing of volcanoes and volcanic processes: integrating observation and modelling – introduction

Eruptive versus non-eruptive behaviour of large calderas: the example of Campi Flegrei caldera (southern Italy)

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