Unrecognized Dengue Virus Infections in Children, Western Kenya, 2014–2015

Vu, David M.; Mutai, Noah; Heath, Claire; Vulule, John; Mutuku, Francis; Ndenga, Bryson; LaBeaud, A. Desirée

doi:10.3201/eid2311.170807

Cited by 34 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…We recorded higher DENV seroprevalence rates than in previous studies (Geser et al, 1970;Mease et al, 2011;Ochieng et al, 2015;Grossi-Soyster et al, 2017), whereas a concurrent study found higher DENV2 antibodies (Awando et al, 2013). DENV RNA was reported in 7.4% of children in a separate study (Vu et al, 2017). The increasing rates may be an indicator of the continuing spread of DENV from the Kenyan Coast where it has been more prevalent.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 42%

“…The differences seen in these studies may be attributed to the different detection methods used at the time (Geser et al, 1970;Vu et al, 2017), different time periods (Geser et al,1970;Vu et al, 2017), different climatic conditions or geographic regions (Kwallah et al, 2015;Mease et al, 2011;Vu et al, 2017), or different environmental, vector, andhost dynamics (Grossi-Soyster et al, 2017;Ngugi et al, 2017;Ndenga et al, 2017;Mwongula et al, 2013;Awando et al, 2013;Kwallah et al, 2015;Ochieng et al, 2015;Vu et al, 2017).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Seroprevalence of yellow fever, dengue, West Nile and chikungunya viruses in children in Teso South Sub-County, Western Kenya

Inziani

Adungo

Awando

et al. 2020

International Journal of Infectious Diseases

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Background: Arboviruses often cause widespread morbidity in children in endemic regions. Data on the burden of arboviruses in Kenyan children are limited. Objectives: This study was performed to determine the seroprevalence of yellow fever (YFV), dengue (DENV), West Nile (WNV), and chikungunya (CHIKV) viruses among children 1-12 years of age at two health facilities in Teso South Sub-County in Western Kenya. Methods: In a hospital-based cross-sectional survey, a questionnaire was used to collect sociodemographic information. Serum drawn from the children was tested for IgA/IgM/IgG serocomplex antibodies to selected arboviruses using indirect ELISA and plaque reduction neutralization tests. Results: A total of 182 (27.7%) of the 656 participants tested were positive for any arbovirus antibody. Of these, 4.4% (29/656) tested positive for YFV, 9.6% (62/649) for WNV, 5.6% (36/649) for CHIKV, 1.4% (5/368) for DENV1, 9% (59/656) for DENV2, and 19.7% (40/203) for DENV3. Neutralizing antibodies to CHIKV were found in 77.8% (42/54) of participants, to YFV in 15.8% (3/19), to DENV2 in 58% (29/50), and to WNV in 8% (1/55). Sex, age, urban residence, schooling, and lack of vaccination were associated with arbovirus exposure. Conclusions: This study confirmed that children under 12 years of age in Teso South Sub-County are exposed to ongoing arbovirus infections early in life.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 42%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence of yellow fever, dengue, West Nile and chikungunya viruses in children in Teso South Sub-County, Western Kenya

Inziani

Adungo

Awando

et al. 2020

International Journal of Infectious Diseases

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“…The IgG IFA titres ranged from 10 to 2560. 12 samples had low titres (10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20), 31 samples had intermediate titers and 7 samples had high titers (640-2560). For one sample, the titre could not be determined after the initial screening dilution due to a lack of sample volume.…”

Section: Diagnostic Assay Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During 2011-2014 samples of febrile patients were studied for dengue in Nairobi, northern and coastal Kenya resulting in detection of DENV-1-3, DENV-1 was reported to be the dominating serotype [13]. DENV-1 was also reported to be the dominating serotype in febrile children of Chuilambo and Kisumu, Western Kenya in 2014-2015, with all the four DENV serotypes detected by using DENV typing RT-PCR [14]. The main vector of DENV Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti is known to be present in western parts and the coastal region of Kenya [15][16][17][18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of dengue virus type 2 of Indian origin in acute febrile patients in rural Kenya

et al. 2020

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Dengue virus (DENV) has caused recent outbreaks in coastal cities of Kenya, but the epidemiological situation in other areas of Kenya is largely unknown. We investigated the role of DENV infection as a cause of acute febrile disease in non-epidemic settings in rural and urban study areas in Kenya. Altogether, 560 patients were sampled in 2016-2017 in rural Taita-Taveta County (n = 327) and urban slums of Kibera, Nairobi (n = 233). The samples were studied for DENV IgM, IgG, NS1 antigen and flaviviral RNA. IgG seroprevalence was found to be higher in Taita-Taveta (14%) than in Nairobi (3%). Five Taita-Taveta patients were positive for flaviviral RNA, all identified as DENV-2, cosmopolitan genotype. Local transmission in Taita-Taveta was suspected in a patient without travel history. The sequence analysis suggested that DENV-2 strains circulating in coastal and southern Kenya likely arose from a single introduction from India. The molecular clock analyses dated the most recent ancestor to the Kenyan strains a year before the large 2013 outbreak in Mombasa. After this, the virus has been detected in Kilifi in 2014, from our patients in Taita-Taveta in 2016, and in an outbreak in Malindi in 2017. The results highlight that silent transmission occurs between epidemics and also affects rural areas. More information is needed to understand the local epidemiological characteristics and future risks of dengue in Kenya. Author summaryDengue virus (DENV) is an emerging mosquito-borne global health threat in the tropics and subtropics. The majority of the world's population live in areas at risk of dengue that can cause a wide variety of symptoms from febrile illness to haemorrhagic fever. Information of DENV in Africa is limited and fragmented. In Kenya, dengue is a recognized disease in coastal cities that have experienced recent outbreaks. We investigated the role of DENV infection as a cause of acute febrile disease in non-epidemic settings in rural and urban study areas in Kenya. We found DENV-2 in five febrile patients from rural Taita-

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“…It was noted that both diseases have long-term effects. Of note, dengue patients are fully recovered at 1 month postinfection, and fare worse with malaria coinfection (Vu et al, 2017).…”

Section: Antonín Holý Memorial Award: Chris Meier University Of Hambmentioning

confidence: 99%

Meeting report: 31st International Conference on Antiviral Research

et al. 2018

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The 31 International Conference on Antiviral Research (ICAR) was held in Porto, Portugal from June 11-15, 2018. In this report, volunteer rapporteurs provide their summaries of scientific presentations, hoping to effectively convey the speakers' goals and the results and conclusions of their talks. This report provides an overview of the invited keynote and award lectures and highlights of short oral presentations, from the perspective of experts in antiviral research. Of note, a session on human cytomegalovirus included an update on the introduction to the clinic of letermovir for the prevention of CMV infection and disease. The 31 ICAR successfully promoted new discoveries in antiviral research and drug development. The 32 ICAR will be held in Baltimore, Maryland, USA, May 6-10, 2019.

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Unrecognized Dengue Virus Infections in Children, Western Kenya, 2014–2015

Cited by 34 publications

References 9 publications

Seroprevalence of yellow fever, dengue, West Nile and chikungunya viruses in children in Teso South Sub-County, Western Kenya

Seroprevalence of yellow fever, dengue, West Nile and chikungunya viruses in children in Teso South Sub-County, Western Kenya

Detection of dengue virus type 2 of Indian origin in acute febrile patients in rural Kenya

Meeting report: 31st International Conference on Antiviral Research

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