Seroprevalence of yellow fever, dengue, West Nile and chikungunya viruses in children in Teso South Sub-County, Western Kenya

Inziani, Mary; Adungo, Ferdinard; Awando, Janet Awino; Kihoro, Richelle; Inoue, Satoshi; Morita, Kouichi; Obimbo, Elizabeth; Onyango, Francis; Mwau, Matilu

doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2019.11.004

Cited by 25 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…The finding of the current study indicated that 7.4% of febrile patients were seropositive for by WNV-specific IgG and the finding was comparable with the study conducted in Ilorin, Nigeria that was 7.5%. 25 However, the higher rates were reported by several studies from asymptomatic and febrile patients: like10.2% and 9.6% in Kenya, 24,26 73.2% and 80.1% in Nigeria, 27,28 27.9% in Ghana, 29 27.2% in Gabon with different prevalence rate in diverse ecosystems like 23.7% in forested regions, 21.8% in savanna and 64.9% in the lakes region, 30 and 59% in the Democratic Republic of Congo. 31 On the other hand, the finding of this study was higher than the studies conducted in the South Omo zone, Southern Ethiopia, 23 Spain, 32 United States, 33 Greek, 34 and Libya.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

<p>Seropositivity of West Nile Virus Among Acute Febrile Patients in Southern Ethiopia</p>

Eshetu¹,

Kifle²,

Agaje³

et al. 2020

IDR

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Background: West Nile virus (WNV) is one of the widely distributed arboviruses in the world, and it is a pathogen of both humans and animals. The evidence that supports the prevalence of the WNV infection in Ethiopia is very scarce. Hence, this study aimed to assess the seropositivity of WNV among patients with acute febrile illness. Methods: This health institution-based descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 532 acute febrile patients from May to August 2016 in Arba Minch Zuria district selected public health facilities, Southern Ethiopia. A pre-structured questionnaire was used to collect socio-demographic and clinical related information of the participants through convenient sampling techniques. In addition, trained nurses who were working in the health centers were responsible for interviewing acute febrile patients. About 5 mL of venous blood was collected aseptically from each of the study participants for the screening of the WNV immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies using indirect immunofluorescence technique (IIFT) as per manufacturer's protocol. Data analysis was done using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 20 software and the results were presented by frequency and percentage using tables. Results: A total number of 529 acute febrile patients (42.7% males and 57.3% females) were enrolled in the study with a response rate of 99.4%. The overall 7.4% of acute febrile patients were seropositive for WNV-specific IgG and the rate was higher in males (9.7%) when compared to females (5.6%). While the overall 4.5% were seropositive for WNVspecific IgM and the rate was 6.6% in males and 3.0% in females. Conclusion:The finding of this study is an important alarm for clinicians/physicians to diagnose febrile patients in the divergent direction including with the diagnosis of flaviviruses. In addition, the finding will further contribute to understanding the epidemiology of WNV fever in Ethiopia and it will play a role in the delivery of public health measures to decrease the risk of WNV exposure in the areas.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

<p>Seropositivity of West Nile Virus Among Acute Febrile Patients in Southern Ethiopia</p>

Eshetu¹,

Kifle²,

Agaje³

et al. 2020

IDR

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“…Overall, evidence about dengue in Africa is limited ( Amarasinghe et al, 2011 ) and is mostly from outbreak investigations and retrospective testing of existing serum banks from other studies ( Ellis et al, 2015 , Obonyo et al, 2018 ), although, among African countries, Kenya has relatively more evidence ( Ellis et al, 2015 , Obonyo et al, 2018 , Konongoi et al, 2016 , Masika et al, 2020 , Inziani et al, 2020 , Ochieng et al, 2015 ). Our data showed that dengue infection is an important cause of non-malarial febrile illness in patients seeking care at public health facilities and adds to the available literature on the endemicity of dengue in Mombasa.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The study found IgG seroprevalence to be 3.5% in Nairobi and 14.6% in Taita–Taveta, confirming local transmission in this part of rural Kenya ( Masika et al, 2020 ). Between 2010 and 2011, a hospital-based cross-sectional survey was conducted in Western Kenya among children aged 12 years and under ( Inziani et al, 2020 ). Of 656 children, 1%, 9%, and 20% tested positive by indirect ELISA for DENV 1, 2, and 3, respectively ( Inziani et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Between 2010 and 2011, a hospital-based cross-sectional survey was conducted in Western Kenya among children aged 12 years and under ( Inziani et al, 2020 ). Of 656 children, 1%, 9%, and 20% tested positive by indirect ELISA for DENV 1, 2, and 3, respectively ( Inziani et al, 2020 ). Also, dengue was retrospectively found to be the most common viral pathogen in HIV-negative samples from the 2007 Kenya AIDS Indicator Survey, with 12.5% having dengue IgG ( Ochieng et al, 2015 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Clinical and epidemiologic characteristics associated with dengue fever in Mombasa, Kenya

Lim

Matendechero

Alexander

et al. 2020

International Journal of Infectious Diseases

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Highlights Data are lacking on dengue in Africa. This surveillance covered the beginning of a dengue outbreak in April-May 2017. 61% of 482 patients with non-malarial fever in Mombasa were dengue-positive. Dengue cases presented with rash, retro-orbital pain, myalgia, arthralgia, etc. Dengue cases were mostly mild with only two cases requiring observation, and no DHF.

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“…Outbreaks of CCHF (Dunster et al, 2002) and RVF (WHO, 2018) have been reported before in Western Kenya, and there is serological evidence of circulation of chikungunya, yellow fever, West Nile, and RVF viruses (Cook et al, 2017;Inziani et al, 2020;Mease et al, 2011;Nyaruaba et al, 2019). While reports on the occurrence of zoonotic vector-borne bacteria are scant, the high prevalence of malaria in Western Kenya results in under-investigation of other causes of febrile illnesses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tick-borne pathogens, including Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus, at livestock markets and slaughterhouses in western Kenya

Chiuya

Masiga

Falzon

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Vectors of emerging infectious diseases have expanded their distributional ranges in recent decades due to increased global travel, trade connectivity, and climate change. Transboundary range shifts, arising from the continuous movement of humans and livestock across borders, are of particular disease control concern. Several tick-borne diseases are known to circulate between eastern Uganda and the western counties of Kenya, with one fatal case of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) reported in 2000 in Western Kenya. Recent reports of CCHF in Uganda has highlighted the risk of cross-border disease translocation and the importance of establishing inter-epidemic, early warning systems to detect possible outbreaks. We therefore carried out surveillance of tick-borne zoonotic pathogens at livestock markets and slaughterhouses in three counties of Western Kenya that neighbour Uganda. Ticks and other ectoparasites were collected from livestock and identified using morphological keys. The two most frequently sampled tick species were Rhipicephalus decoloratus (35%) and Amblyomma variegatum (30%) and Ctenocephalides felis, and Haematopinus suis were also present. In total 486 ticks, lice, and fleas were screened for pathogen presence using established molecular workflows incorporating high-resolution melting analysis and identified through PCRsequencing of PCR products. We detected CCHF virus in Rh. decoloratus and Rhipicephalus sp. cattle ticks and 82 of 96 pools of Am. variegatum were positive for Rickettsia africae. Apicomplexan protozoa and bacteria of veterinary importance, such as Theileria parva, Babesia bigemina, and Anaplasma marginale, were primarily detected in rhipicephaline ticks. Our findings show the presence of several pathogens of public health and veterinary importance in ticks from livestock at livestock markets and slaughterhouses in Western Kenya. Confirmation of CCHF virus, a Nairovirus that causes haemorrhagic fever with a high case fatality rate in humans highlights the risk of under-diagnosed zoonotic diseases and calls for the continuous surveillance and development of preventative measures.

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Seroprevalence of yellow fever, dengue, West Nile and chikungunya viruses in children in Teso South Sub-County, Western Kenya

Cited by 25 publications

References 37 publications

<p>Seropositivity of West Nile Virus Among Acute Febrile Patients in Southern Ethiopia</p>

<p>Seropositivity of West Nile Virus Among Acute Febrile Patients in Southern Ethiopia</p>

Clinical and epidemiologic characteristics associated with dengue fever in Mombasa, Kenya

Tick-borne pathogens, including Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus, at livestock markets and slaughterhouses in western Kenya

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