Unravelling the interphase - bond strength relationship in novel co-bonded thermoplastic - thermoset hybrid composites for leading edge protection of wind turbine blades

Erarts, Ozan; Erartsın, Ozan; Zanjani, Jamal Seyyed Monfared; Baran, İsmet

doi:10.1016/j.polymertesting.2022.107856

Cited by 4 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…We found that ABS formed a homogeneously mixed interphase with polyester/glass, while phase separation took place in PC-polyester/glass. Furthermore, ABSpolyester/glass had a softer interphase with a higher thickness [9]. Eventually, the bond strength of ABS-polyester/glass was significantly higher, which was attributed to the extensive interphase (and intra-ply) failure, while the failure of PC-polyester/glass was mostly interfacial (between the interphase and polyester/glass).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…In two former studies [6,7], acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) and polycarbonate (PC) were found to be highly compatible with the unsaturated polyester resin, which is used for manufacturing wind turbine blades, forming interphases with high thickness. Later, we investigated the effect of the interphase thickness and morphology of these materials systems on the bond strength in a recent study [9]. We found that ABS formed a homogeneously mixed interphase with polyester/glass, while phase separation took place in PC-polyester/glass.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hence, a homogeneously mixed and soft interphase was seen to favor a higher bond strength. Although we compared different material systems in that study [9], the effect of processing conditions, or specifically the cure temperature, was not investigated. Cure temperature is known to affect the interdiffusion process since both the viscosity and gelation time, which influence the interphase thickness and morphology, depend on temperature [6,7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Bond Strength of Co-Bonded Thermoplastic Leading Edge Protection (LEP): The Effect of Processing-Driven Interphase Morphology

Erartsın

Zanjani

Baran

2022

KEM

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Integrated leading edge protection (InLEP) is a novel LEP method that involves co-bonding a tough thermoplastic to the blade shell of the wind turbine made of fiber-reinforced thermoset polymer. In the co-bonding process, as a result of the interdiffusion of the bonded thermoplastic and thermoset polymers, an interphase is formed between them. An important factor affecting the level of interdiffusion is the cure temperature. In this work, we investigate the influence of cure temperature on the interphase morphology and bond strength of ABS-polyester/glass and PC-polyester/glass hybrid composites. The hybrid composites are manufactured via vacuum-assisted resin transfer molding. Interphase morphology is observed and the interphase thickness is measured via optical microscopy. Bond strength is tested via climbing drum peel testing and subsequently, fractography analysis is carried out on the fractured samples. It was found that both the interphase thickness and bond strength decrease with an increase of cure temperature. The decrease in bond strength at high temperatures was accompanied by an increase in the extent of interfacial failure, while interphase failure at low temperatures promoted higher bond strength.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bond Strength of Co-Bonded Thermoplastic Leading Edge Protection (LEP): The Effect of Processing-Driven Interphase Morphology

Erartsın

Zanjani

Baran

2022

KEM

Self Cite

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“…However, its application to the characterization of the interface between CoDico FRTPs is a novel approach. Other research on FRP using the CDP test can be found in [32], where in the interphase bond strength between Co bonded thermoplastic-thermoset hybrid composites was investigated. Furthermore, in [33] the interlaminar mode I fracture toughness within thin Co laminates was investigated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization and Simulation of the Interface between a Continuous and Discontinuous Carbon Fiber Reinforced Thermoplastic by Using the Climbing Drum Peel Test Considering Humidity

Christ,

Scheuring,

Schelleis

et al. 2024

Polymers

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The objective of this paper is to investigate the debonding behavior of the interface between continuously and discontinuously fiber reinforced thermoplastics using the climbing drum peel test. The study emphasizes on the importance of considering different climatic boundary conditions on the properties of thermoplastics. Specimens with varying moisture contents, from 0m.% up to above 6m.% are prepared and tested. It is observed that an increase in moisture content from 0m.% to 2m.% results in an increase of the fracture surface energy from 1.07·103J/m2 to 2.40·103J/m2 required to separate the two materials, but a further increase in moisture to 6.35m.% conversely results in a subsequent decrease of the required energy to 1.91·103J/m2. The study presents an explanatory model of increasing plasticization of the polymer due to increased polymer chain mobility, which results in more deformation energy being required to propagate the crack, which is corroborated in SEM investigations of the fracture surface. A further increase in humidity leads to polymer degradation due to hydrolysis, which explains the subsequent reduction of the fracture energy. The experimental set up is modeled numerically for the first time with cohesive surfaces, which could successfully reproduce the effective force-displacement curve in the experiment by varying the interface parameters in the model over an influence length, allowing the conclusion of a process induced variation in the interface properties over a specific consolidation length.

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“…The potential to bond many different materials. [9][10][11] Depending on the state of the composite adhesive layer, adhesive bonding could be divided into three types: secondary bonding, cobonding, and co-curing. Of these, cobonding is the simplest and most efficient.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and Application of Flexible Ethylene Vinyl Acetate Adhesive Composites by Ultrasonic‐Assisted Forced Infiltration

Liu

et al. 2023

Adv Eng Mater

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Herein, carbon nanotubes (CNTs)–cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs)/ethylene‐vinyl acetate (EVA) composite are prepared with excellent bonding properties, electrical conductivity, and thermal conductivity using an ultrasonic‐assisted forced infiltration (UAFI) method. The CNTs–CNCs (10:1)/EVA composite had the highest shear (82.9 N) and strip (12.2 N) forces at the interface when bonding leather to fabric as an interface bonding material (IBM). Different mass ratios of CNTs to CNCs in the composites lead to different electrical and thermal conductivity properties. When the mass ratio of CNTs to CNCs is 10:1, the CNTs–CNCs(10:1)/EVA composites reach an electrical and thermal conductivity of 158.37 S m−1 and 6.351 W (m·K)−1, respectively. In addition, the CNTs–CNCs(10:1)/EVA composite shows excellent thermal stability, mechanical properties, thermal performance, and electromagnetic shielding. The prepared EVA composite has a broad application prospect in IBM.

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Unravelling the interphase - bond strength relationship in novel co-bonded thermoplastic - thermoset hybrid composites for leading edge protection of wind turbine blades

Cited by 4 publications

References 53 publications

Bond Strength of Co-Bonded Thermoplastic Leading Edge Protection (LEP): The Effect of Processing-Driven Interphase Morphology

Bond Strength of Co-Bonded Thermoplastic Leading Edge Protection (LEP): The Effect of Processing-Driven Interphase Morphology

Characterization and Simulation of the Interface between a Continuous and Discontinuous Carbon Fiber Reinforced Thermoplastic by Using the Climbing Drum Peel Test Considering Humidity

Preparation and Application of Flexible Ethylene Vinyl Acetate Adhesive Composites by Ultrasonic‐Assisted Forced Infiltration

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