Unravelling the Antifungal Effect of Red Thyme Oil (Thymus vulgaris L.) Compounds in Vapor Phase

Pinto, Loris; Bonifacio, Maria Addolorata; Giglio, Elvira De; Cometa, Stefania; Logrieco, Antonio F.; Baruzzi, Federico

doi:10.3390/molecules25204761

Cited by 35 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…However, the chemical composition of T. vulgaris EO of commercial origin [ 40 , 41 ], and from different regions [ 36 , 37 , 38 ] showed different thymol chemotypes, with the thymol being the more abundant compound.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural Agents against Bovine Mastitis Pathogens

et al. 2021

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Bovine mastitis is the most widespread and economically important disease worldwide. The present study aimed to determine bioactive compounds in two essential oils (EOs) from wild (Thymus serpyllum) and common thyme (Thymus vulgaris) and to assess the antioxidant potential as well as antibacterial efficacy of the EOs against mastitis-associated bacteria. The study also included antibiotic susceptibility tests. The strains were previously isolated from lactating animals with clinical and subclinical mastitis. The antioxidant potential of the commercial EOs of wild and common thyme was evaluated by five in vitro assays. The antibacterial activity was performed using the microdilution technique, while antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed by the Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion method. The dominant compound in wild thyme was thymol (45.22%), followed by p-cymene (23.83%) and γ-terpinene (3.12%), while in common thyme, it was thymol (54.17%), followed by γ-terpinene (22.18%) and p-cymene (16.66%). Among the fourteen mastitis-associated bacteria, strain IX Streptococcus spp. (β-hemolytic) was the most sensitive to the tested EOs (minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)/minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) were 0.78/1.56 and 0.39/0.78 mg/mL for T. serpyllum (TS) and T. vulgaris (TV), respectively). Regarding Streptococcus spp. β heamoliticus, MICs for TS ranged from 0.78 to 1.56 mg/mL, while for the same oil, MBCs ranged from 1.56 to 12.5 mg/mL. In the case of T. vulgaris, MICs ranged from 0.39 to 3.125 mg/ mL, while MBCs ranged from 3.125 to 6.25 mg/mL. TV is more active against E. coli, E. sakazakii, and Streptococcus spp., while it is less effective against Staphylococcus spp. than TS. The study revealed that the tested EOs possess remarkable antioxidative and antibacterial activities and could be used in the development of pharmaceutical formulation as an alternative to conventional mastitis therapy.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural Agents against Bovine Mastitis Pathogens

et al. 2021

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“…Our results show that different essential oil chemotypes of Picea abies could be found under different growing and environmental conditions. Different chemical compositions can considerably affect the biological activity of the essential oil, including the antimicrobial activity, as revealed with thyme ( Thymus vulgaris L.) extracts [ 63 , 64 ]. It is evident that a better knowledge of seasonal dynamics of pinene isomers and, particularly their chiral compounds, is increasingly important in revealing insect–plant or plant–plant communication in future warmer climate conditions since insects and plants discriminate and respond to changes in chiral compounds [ 60 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamics of Isomeric and Enantiomeric Fractions of Pinene in Essential Oil of Picea abies Annual Needles during Growing Season

Kamaitytė-Bukelskienė

Ložienė

Labokas

2021

Molecules

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Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) H. Karst.) is one of the most important commercial tree species distributed naturally in the Boreal and subalpine forest zone of Europe. All parts of spruce trees, including needles, accumulate essential oils with a variety of chemical properties and ecological functions, such as modulating plant–insect communication. Annual needle samples from 15 trees (five from each of three habitats) of 15–17 years old were assayed for essential oils and their major compounds, including α-pinene, β-pinene, (1S)-(−)-α-pinene, and (1R)-(+)-α-pinene across a growing season. Results showed strong positive correlation between percentages of α- and β-pinene isomers (r = 0.69, p < 0.05) and between pinene isomers and essential oils: α-pinene correlated with essential oil stronger (r = 0.62, p < 0.05) than β-pinene (r = 0.33, p < 0.05). Correlation analyses performed with some weather conditions, including average monthly temperature, growing sum of effective temperatures over 5 °C, duration of sunshine, accumulated precipitation, relative humidity, and pressure, showed that temperature is the most important weather condition related to pinene dynamics: negative correlations of moderate strength were established between percentages of α- and β- pinenes and average monthly temperatures (r = −0.36, p < 0.01, n = 75 and r = −0.33, p < 0.01, n = 75, respectively). Out of pinene enantiomers, only (1S)-(−)-α-pinene showed some negative correlation with monthly temperature (r = −0.26, p < 0.05, n = 75). Different patterns of essential oil and pinene dynamics during growing season within separate habitats suggested that some genetic variables of Picea abies might be involved.

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“…Besides their well-known use in cosmetics, cleaning products, perfumes, and aromatherapy, EOs also serve as natural preservatives due to their proven antimicrobial and antifungal properties [ 6 , 7 , 8 ]. However, a thorough evaluation of the chemical profile of EOs is of great importance to uncover potential synergistic antimicrobial activities between EO compounds, as already shown for thyme [ 9 , 10 ] and ginger EO [ 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Study of Chemical Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Essential Oils and Crude Extracts of Four Characteristic Zingiberaceae Herbs

Ivanović

Makoter

Razboršek

2021

Plants

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The ginger family (Zingiberaceae) includes plants that are known worldwide to have a distinctive smell and taste, which are often used as spices in the kitchen, but also in various industries (pharmaceutical, medical, and cosmetic) due to their proven biological activity. The aim of this study was to investigate and compare the chemical composition and antioxidant activity (AA) of essential oils (EOs) of four characteristic ginger species: Elettaria cardamomum L. Maton (cardamom), Curcuma Longa L. (turmeric), Zingiber Officinale Roscoe (ginger), and Alpinia Officinarum Hance (galangal). Furthermore, the total phenolic content (TPC) and AA of crude extracts obtained after using ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) and different extraction solvents (80% ethanol, 80% methanol and water) were evaluated. A total of 87 different chemical components were determined by GC-MS/MS in the EOs obtained after hydrodistillation, 14 of which were identified in varying amounts in all EOs. The major compounds found in cardamom, turmeric, ginger, and galangal were α-terpinyl acetate (40.70%), β-turmerone (25.77%), α-zingiberene (22.69%) and 1,8-cineol (42.71%), respectively. In general, 80% ethanol was found to be the most effective extracting solvent for the bioactivities of the investigated species from the Zingiberaceae family. Among the crude extracts, ethanolic extract of galangal showed the highest TPC value (63.01 ± 1.06 mg GA g−1 DW), while the lowest TPC content was found in cardamom water extract (1.04 ± 0.29 mg GA g−1 DW). The AA evaluated by two different assays (ferric-reducing antioxidant power-FRAP and the scavenging activity of the cationic ABTS radical) proved that galangal rhizome is the plant with the highest antioxidant potential. In addition, no statistical difference was found between the AA of turmeric and ginger extracts, while cardamom rhizome was again inferior. In contrast to the crude extracts, the EOs resulted in significantly lower ABTS and FRAP values, with turmeric EO showing the highest AA.

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Unravelling the Antifungal Effect of Red Thyme Oil (Thymus vulgaris L.) Compounds in Vapor Phase

Cited by 35 publications

References 41 publications

Natural Agents against Bovine Mastitis Pathogens

Natural Agents against Bovine Mastitis Pathogens

Dynamics of Isomeric and Enantiomeric Fractions of Pinene in Essential Oil of Picea abies Annual Needles during Growing Season

Comparative Study of Chemical Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Essential Oils and Crude Extracts of Four Characteristic Zingiberaceae Herbs

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