Background and Objectives: Wheat is most staple food crop for making different end products. The major factors determining the wheat flour end-use are glutenins and puroindolines. It is very important to identify the composition, variation, and functional characteristics of these key factors. Findings: The glutenin subunits comprise two subgroups-high molecular weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GS), and low molecular weight glutenin subunits (LMW-GS). Puroindolines genes depict a wide diversity of both PINA and PINB allelic forms. The prevalence and relative proportions of these types may vary depending on several genetic and environmental factors.
Conclusion:Current review summarizes recently published research on the impact of glutenin genes governing gluten strength and puroindolines genes related to grain softness. It encompasses recent reports on the development of DNA-based molecular markers utilized to identify novel alleles associated with HMW-GS, LMW-GS, and puroindoline genes in diverse wheat genotypes.