Unraveling the naturalness of sweet chestnut forests (Castanea sativa Mill.) in central Spain

López‐Sáez, José Antonio; Glais, Arthur; Robles-López, Sandra; Sánchez, Francisca Alba; Pérez-Díaz, Sebastián; Schaad, Daniel Abel; Luelmo-Lautenschlaeger, Reyes

doi:10.1007/s00334-016-0575-x

Cited by 29 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…Pollen records of the three sites have already been published, in which local pollen assemblage zones were established with a constrained cluster analysis made by Coniss by transforming percentage data to its square root (Grimm, ). The Lanzahíta (588 m asl; mean annual precipitation 1,007 mm, mean annual temperature 15·1°C; 100‐cm depth) and Tiemblo (1,250 m asl; mean annual precipitation 1,400 mm, mean annual temperature 13°C; 120‐cm depth) sequences provide the first Iberian pollen records undertaken within monospecific P. pinaster and C. sativa woodlands, respectively (López‐Sáez et al, , ), while that of Serranillos (1,700 m asl; mean annual precipitation 937 mm, mean annual temperature 9·3°C; 120‐cm depth) comes from a high‐mountain area where in the last two millennia there was a P. sylvestris forest that disappeared ca. 500 cal.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paleofire Dynamics in Central Spain during the Late Holocene: The Role of Climatic and Anthropogenic Forcing

López‐Sáez¹,

Vargas

Fernández

et al. 2017

Land Degrad Dev

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The use of fire and, consequently, its severity and incidence on the environment have grown steadily during the last millennia throughout the Mediterranean. This issue can be assessed in several mountain ranges of central Iberia where changes in the management policy on anthropic activities and exploitation of high‐mountain environments have promoted a remarkable increase on fire frequency. Our research focuses on fire dynamics throughout the last 3,000 years from three peat bog charcoal records of the Gredos range (central Iberia). Our aim is to reconstruct past fire regimes according to forest vegetation typology (Castanea sativa, Pinus pinaster, and Pinus sylvestris). Charcoal influx shows low values between 3,140 and 1,800 cal. year bp when forests were relatively dense in both high and mid‐mountain areas. Fire appeared synchronous between 1,800 and 1,700 cal. year bp for Lanzahíta and Serranillos and around 1,400–1,240 cal. year bp for the three sites, suggesting anthropogenic fire control between the Late Roman and Visigothic periods that can be related to the cultivation of olive trees in the valleys and a greater human impact in high‐mountain areas. By contrast, during the Muslim period (1,240–850 cal. year bp), fire dynamics becomes asynchronous. Later, fires turn again coeval in the Gredos range during the Christian period (850–500 cal. year bp) and can be also correlated with drought phases during the Late Medieval Warm Episode. In short, our study demonstrates that fire activity has been enormously variable during the late Holocene in response to both short‐term and long‐term regional and global climate, vegetation dynamics, and land use changes. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paleofire Dynamics in Central Spain during the Late Holocene: The Role of Climatic and Anthropogenic Forcing

López‐Sáez¹,

Vargas

Fernández

et al. 2017

Land Degrad Dev

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“…The European chestnut (Castanea sativa, Mill.) tree has been intensively cultivated for centuries in several countries of the Mediterranean region [1]. According to the latest data, in 2017 there was an increase in chestnut production in Europe, corresponding to 151,904 tons in a total of 17 countries, among which the main producers were Italy (34.5%), Greece (23.7%), and Portugal (19.7%) [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the Phenolic Profile of Castanea sativa Mill. By-Products and Their Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activity against Multiresistant Bacteria

et al. 2020

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The chestnut industry generates a large amount of by-products. These agro-industrial wastes have been described as potential sources of phenolic compounds with high bioactive potential. Therefore, we aimed to extract the phenolic compounds from chestnut by-products and assess their antioxidant potential and evaluate their antimicrobial activity against multidrug resistant bacteria. The individual phenolic compounds in the ethanolic extracts of chestnut shell, inner shell, bur, and leaves were characterized by HPLC-DAD/electrospray ionization (ESI)-MS. The antioxidant properties were determined by DPPH and ABTS assays. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the antimicrobial susceptibility was performed using the Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion method against 10 bacterial strains. The major phenolic compounds identified in the extracts were trigalloyl-HHDP-glucose, gallic acid, quercetin, and myricetin glycoside derivatives. All chestnut by-products presented promising antioxidant activity in both assays, with leaf samples the ones presenting the highest antioxidant capacity. The inner shell’s extract was effective against all Gram-positive and two Gram-negative bacteria; nevertheless, all extracts showed antibacterial activity. Staphylococcus epidermidis showed susceptibility to all extracts while none of the extracts was able to suppress the growth of Escherichia coli and Salmonella enteritidis. Chestnut by-products are a source of phenolic compounds with prominent antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Nevertheless, further studies should be conducted to assess the correlation between phenolic compounds and the bioactivities obtained.

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“…Al ser una región montañosa, el régimen de precipitaciones en el Valle de Iruelas oscila entre 500 y 1000 mm y su temperatura media entre 6 y 9° durante el invierno y 22-26° en verano (Ninyerola et al, 2005). En cuanto a la vegetación se refiere, sus laderas supramediterráneas están caracterizadas por un mosaico de rodales de quercus pyrenaica y bosques densos de pinus pinaster con ejemplares aislados de pinus nigra, y a cotas entre 1000 y 1300 m en laderas orientadas al sureste por bosquetes de Castanea sativa (López-Sáez et al, 2017b). A altitudes superiores a 1600 m la principal formación vegetal está constituida por matorrales arbustivos de Cytisus oro-mediterraneus y echinospartum barnadesii.…”

Section: áRea De Estudiounclassified

“…Esta dinámica forestal referida, de los pinares de alta montaña, podría relacionarse con el aumento demográfico y la intensificación de la economía rural en el Valle de Iruelas, que se vieron favorecidos por las condiciones benignas impuestas a lo largo del Episodio Cáli-do Medieval (López-Sáez et al, 1996, 2017b. La victoria del ejército cristiano, en la batalla de las Navas de Tolosa del año 1212, conllevó un desplazamiento de la zona fronteriza hacia el sur de la Sierra de Gredos, lo que favoreció que a partir de entonces los movimientos ganaderos por estas montañas fueran más frecuentes.…”

Section: La Transformación Del Paisaje De Montaña En El Periodo Islámunclassified

Vulnerabilidad y resiliencia de los pinares de alta montaña de la Sierra de Gredos (Ávila, Sistema Central): dos mil años de dinámica socioecológica

Robles-López¹,

Luelmo-Lautenschlaeger²,

Pérez-Díaz³

et al. 2017

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ResumenEn este trabajo se presenta el análisis palinológico de la turbera de Pozo de la Nieve, localizada en el Parque Natural del Valle de Iruelas (Ávila), un área de alto valor sociocultural dentro de la Sierra de Gredos (Sistema Central). Con el objetivo de relacionar los cambios en el paisaje con la explotación de los recursos naturales y eventos climáticos, en primer lugar se han realizado 7 dataciones radiocarbónicas que sitúan el inicio del registro sedimentario ca. 240 cal BC. Los datos polínicos indican la existencia de un denso pinar altimontano dominado por pinus sylvestris/nigra desde la Segunda Edad de Hierro hasta el periodo islámico. A partir del periodo cristiano las actividades antrópicas se intensifican, especialmente la ganadería en la Edad Contemporánea, lo cual conlleva la progresiva desaparición del pinar de alta montaña y el desarrollo de pastizales mediante el manejo del fuego, situación que culmina con el desarrollo del paisaje actual dominado por piornales pirófilos.Palabas clave: Paleoambiente; Impacto antrópico; Historia de la vegetación; Holoceno reciente; Península ibérica. AbstractWe present the palynological study of Pozo de la Nieve peat bog, located in a very valuable socio-cultural placement within the Iruelas Valley Natural Park (Gredos range, Iberian Central System). We have focused in relating landscape changes to natural resources management and climatic events. Firstly, we carried out

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Unraveling the naturalness of sweet chestnut forests (Castanea sativa Mill.) in central Spain

Cited by 29 publications

References 61 publications

Paleofire Dynamics in Central Spain during the Late Holocene: The Role of Climatic and Anthropogenic Forcing

Paleofire Dynamics in Central Spain during the Late Holocene: The Role of Climatic and Anthropogenic Forcing

Evaluation of the Phenolic Profile of Castanea sativa Mill. By-Products and Their Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activity against Multiresistant Bacteria

Vulnerabilidad y resiliencia de los pinares de alta montaña de la Sierra de Gredos (Ávila, Sistema Central): dos mil años de dinámica socioecológica

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