Unpredictability, body awareness, and eating in the absence of hunger: A cognitive schemas approach.

Leyva, Randi P. Proffitt; Hill, Sarah E.

doi:10.1037/hea0000634

Cited by 29 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 49 publications

(70 reference statements)

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“…Another related weakness is using multi-informant reporting to measure internal states, as well as external environments, because individual differences in interoception may potentially be correlated with LH (e.g. [71]) and may in general confound the effects of body conditions. However, cognitive assessment of both internal and external information may become integral parts of human LH calibration.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

External environment and internal state in relation to life-history behavioural profiles of adolescents in nine countries

Chang¹,

Lansford

et al. 2019

Proc. R. Soc. B.

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The external environment has traditionally been considered as the primary driver of animal life history (LH). Recent research suggests that animals' internal state is also involved, especially in forming LH behavioural phenotypes. The present study investigated how these two factors interact in formulating LH in humans. Based on a longitudinal sample of 1223 adolescents in nine countries, the results show that harsh and unpredictable environments and adverse internal states in childhood are each uniquely associated with fast LH behavioural profiles consisting of aggression, impulsivity, and risk-taking in adolescence. The external environment and internal state each strengthened the LH association of the other, but overall the external environment was more predictive of LH than was the internal state. These findings suggest that individuals rely on a multitude and consistency of sensory information in more decisively calibrating LH and behavioural strategies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

External environment and internal state in relation to life-history behavioural profiles of adolescents in nine countries

Chang¹,

Lansford

et al. 2019

Proc. R. Soc. B.

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“…Females also tend to have slower LHS characteristics than males (e.g., greater parental investment), similar to the pattern of sex differences seen in EA (Barrett et al, 2000; Ciarrochi et al, 2005; Wright et al, 2017). In addition, previous work has also linked LHS to both bodily/interoceptive awareness (Proffitt Leyva & Hill, 2018) and emotional intelligence (van der Linden et al, 2015), each of which have been linked to EA or the related construct of alexithymia (Aaron et al, 2020; Brewer et al, 2016; Herbert et al, 2011; Onur et al, 2013; Pollatos et al, 2005; Simmons et al, 2013; Smith, Lane, et al, 2018; Terasawa et al, 2014; Trevisan et al, 2019; Zaki et al, 2012). For example, Proffitt Leyva and Hill (2018) have suggested that individuals may develop low interoceptive awareness because they selectively allocate energy resources toward monitoring the conditions in the external environment, and therefore fail to monitor and learn from internal bodily and emotional states.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Lower emotional awareness is associated with greater early adversity and faster life history strategy.

Smith¹,

Steklis²,

Steklis³

et al. 2023

Evolutionary Behavioral Sciences

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Recent theoretical work suggests that emotional awareness (EA) depends on the harshness/predictability of early social interactionsand that low EA may actually be adaptive in harsh environments that lack predictable interpersonal interactions. In evolutionary psychology, this process of psychological "calibration" to early environments corresponds to life history strategy (LHS). In this paper, we tested the relationship between EA and LHS in 177 (40 male) individuals who completed the levels of emotional awareness scale (LEAS), Arizona Life History Battery (short form: K-SF-42), and two measures of early abuse/neglect. Significantly lower EA was observed in those with faster LHS and who had experienced greater early adversity. Notably, LEAS was associated with differences in 1) general reflective cognition, and 2) emotional support from parents during childhood. This suggests that EA may be learned during development based on the benefits of cognitive reflection in environments with different levels of harshness and social predictability.

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“…One possible mechanism that considers the environment is that individuals lower in the social hierarchy have access to fewer social resources and experience more social unpredictability, further contributing to chronic stress [59]. Past studies indicated that unpredictability schemas, including those related to neighborhood quality, contribute to dysregulated eating [60]. Another potential explanation accounts for neurobiological pathways involved in consuming high-calorie foods.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Subjective Social Status Is Associated with Dysregulated Eating Behaviors and Greater Body Mass Index in an Urban Predominantly Black and Low-Income Sample

et al. 2021

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Background: Higher subjective social status (SSS) or a person’s perception of their social standing is related to better health outcomes, but few studies examined SSS in relation to obesity. Emotional eating and food addiction have been linked to obesity. Some studies indicated that manipulating SSS may lead to altered food intake, but the relationship between SSS and dysregulated eating, such as emotional eating and food addiction (FA), has not been examined. The goal of this study was to examine the associations between SSS in the community and the larger society, dysregulated eating (emotional eating and FA), and body mass index (BMI) in a majority racial minority sample. Methods: The participants (N = 89; 93% Black, 86% women, and 56% with obesity; 72% income lower than USD 2000), recruited from a publicly funded hospital in Atlanta, GA, completed the MacArthur Scale, Dutch Eating Behaviors Questionnaire, Yale Food Addiction Scale, Beck Depression Inventory, PTSD Symptom Checklist, and demographics questionnaire. Results: Twenty-two percent of the sample met the criteria for FA; those with FA had significantly higher BMI than those without (p = 0.018). In the hierarchical linear regression, the SSS community (but not in society) predicted higher severity of emotional eating (β = 0.26, p = 0.029) and FA (β = 0.30, p = 0.029), and higher BMI (β = 0.28, p = 0.046), independent from depression and PTSD symptoms. Conclusions: The findings indicate that, among Black individuals with predominantly low income in the U.S., perceived role in their community is associated with eating patterns and body mass. Given the small sample size, the results should be interpreted with caution.

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Unpredictability, body awareness, and eating in the absence of hunger: A cognitive schemas approach.

Cited by 29 publications

References 49 publications

External environment and internal state in relation to life-history behavioural profiles of adolescents in nine countries

External environment and internal state in relation to life-history behavioural profiles of adolescents in nine countries

Lower emotional awareness is associated with greater early adversity and faster life history strategy.

Subjective Social Status Is Associated with Dysregulated Eating Behaviors and Greater Body Mass Index in an Urban Predominantly Black and Low-Income Sample

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