Unpacking the complexity of the PET drink bottles value chain: A chemicals perspective

Gerassimidou, Spyridoula; Łańska, Paulina; Hahladakis, John Ν.; Lovat, Elena; Vanzetto, Silvia; Geueke, Birgit; Groh, Ksenia J.; Muncke, Jane; Maffini, Maricel V.; Martin, Olwenn; Iacovidou, Eleni

doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128410

Cited by 52 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 108 publications

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“…In 2020, recycled PET (rPET) for bottle-to-bottle applications accounted for 32% of the European rPET market, with a recycled content of 14% on average. 17 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 2020, recycled PET (rPET) for bottle-to-bottle applications accounted for 32% of the European rPET market, with a recycled content of 14% on average. 17 The limited supply of natural resources for the production of plastics and the harmful environmental impacts of plastic waste has led to the use of circular economy approaches. In this context, a circular economy refers to a framework that focuses on eliminating waste and pollution, circulating products and materials, and regenerating nature.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the various bottling sectors, various polymeric materials, bottle forms, shapes, and colors are used. , In 2019, about 58% of PET bottles were collected and sorted for recycling in the European Union (EU). In 2020, recycled PET (rPET) for bottle-to-bottle applications accounted for 32% of the European rPET market, with a recycled content of 14% on average …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Facile Synthesis and Life Cycle Assessment of Highly Active Magnetic Sorbent Composite Derived from Mixed Plastic and Biomass Waste for Water Remediation

Osman

Elgarahy

Mehta

et al. 2022

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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Plastic and biomass waste pose a serious environmental risk; thus, herein, we mixed biomass waste with plastic bottle waste (PET) to produce char composite materials for producing a magnetic char composite for better separation when used in water treatment applications. This study also calculated the life cycle environmental impacts of the preparation of adsorbent material for 11 different indicator categories. For 1 functional unit (1 kg of pomace leaves as feedstock), abiotic depletion of fossil fuels and global warming potential were quantified as 7.17 MJ and 0.63 kg CO 2 equiv for production of magnetic char composite materials. The magnetic char composite material (MPBC) was then used to remove crystal violet dye from its aqueous solution under various operational parameters. The kinetics and isotherm statistical theories showed that the sorption of CV dye onto MPBC was governed by pseudo-second-order, and Langmuir models, respectively. The quantitative assessment of sorption capacity clarifies that the produced MPBC exhibited an admirable ability of 256.41 mg g –1 . Meanwhile, the recyclability of 92.4% of MPBC was demonstrated after 5 adsorption/desorption cycles. Findings from this study will inspire more sustainable and cost-effective production of magnetic sorbents, including those derived from combined plastic and biomass waste streams.

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“…In 2020, recycled PET (rPET) for bottle-to-bottle applications accounted for 32% of the European rPET market, with a recycled content of 14% on average. 17 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Facile Synthesis and Life Cycle Assessment of Highly Active Magnetic Sorbent Composite Derived from Mixed Plastic and Biomass Waste for Water Remediation

Osman

Elgarahy

Mehta

et al. 2022

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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“…EU regulation set an overall migration limit (OML) of 60 mg of the total migrated substances (total sum of IAS and NIAS)/kg food or 10 mg of total substances/dm 2 food contact surface, as well as specific migration limits (SMLs) for each migrated IAS from food packaging material into food ((EC) No 282/2008; (EU) No 10/2011). It is worth mentioning that the current EU regulation on recycled plastics in food contact materials ((EC) No 282/2008) is under revision (Gerassimidou et al., 2022). These regulations state that the same level of safety is required for chemical migration into foods for both recycled and virgin materials.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non‐permanent primary food packaging materials assessment: Identification, migration, toxicity, and consumption of substances

Etxabide

Young

Bremer

et al. 2022

Comp Rev Food Sci Food Safe

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Almost all processed food comes packaged in either plastic, glass, metal, or paper and paperboard materials, and many packaging materials are disposed of after a single use (linear economy). Based on the concept of a circular economy, the recycling of food packaging materials has become one of the main targets for industries and regulators around the world. However, recycling presents particular challenges, mainly related to the recycled material composition, which determines its reusability, application, functionality, and chemical safety. In this latter matter, it has been demonstrated that the use of recycled food packaging materials increases the number and possible sources of substances that could be present in the packaging material, which is of concern as substances that can migrate into food and cause health hazards upon consumption. This review compiles information regarding substances detected in non-permanent food packaging materials, focusing mainly on plastics, paper, and paperboards. The compilation of literature studies (110 research articles) on the presence of intentionally added substances (IAS) and non-intentionally added substances (NIAS) in food packaging materials, their migration, toxicity, and dietary exposure has been summarized, evaluated, and discussed. In addition, current sustainable food packaging trends have been mentioned. Finally, approaches to reduce the presence, migration, and potential exposure to substances that have migrated from packaging materials into food have been reviewed.

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“…For example, many papers have been published on the detrimental effects of plasticizers such as bisphenol A (BPA) and phthalates, resulting in their being banned from some products or intentionally not used in others. However, despite over two decades of research demonstrating the danger of regular exposure to plasticizers and that longer-term exposure to low levels leads to reproductive problems such as infertility and birth defects, autoimmune disorders, and the activation of signaling pathways underlying carcinogenesis, 4 these and other estrogenic chemicals are still detected and known to migrate into beverages from commonly used products such as plastic bottles, 5 and the list of bisphenols in marketed products keeps growing. The Swedish Chemicals Agency estimates that more than 200 are in circulation today.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Rethinking our chemical legacy and reclaiming our planet

Brander

2022

One Earth

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Unpacking the complexity of the PET drink bottles value chain: A chemicals perspective

Cited by 52 publications

References 108 publications

Facile Synthesis and Life Cycle Assessment of Highly Active Magnetic Sorbent Composite Derived from Mixed Plastic and Biomass Waste for Water Remediation

Facile Synthesis and Life Cycle Assessment of Highly Active Magnetic Sorbent Composite Derived from Mixed Plastic and Biomass Waste for Water Remediation

Non‐permanent primary food packaging materials assessment: Identification, migration, toxicity, and consumption of substances

Rethinking our chemical legacy and reclaiming our planet

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