Non‐permanent primary food packaging materials assessment: Identification, migration, toxicity, and consumption of substances

Etxabide, Alaitz; Young, Brent R.; Bremer, Phil; Kilmartin, Paul A.

doi:10.1111/1541-4337.13001

Cited by 12 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…Even though they are commonly recognized as safe, dose-dependent aspects should never be ignored to avoid adverse effects on food and humans [ 239 ]. Bioassays focused on the evaluation of the cytotoxicity of AIs and PLA-based materials could be necessary for biomedical applications [ 240 ]. Finally, LCA assessment of the whole manufacturing process represents a helpful approach to evaluating the environmental impact of novel PLA-based materials.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural Active Ingredients for Poly (Lactic Acid)-Based Materials: State of the Art and Perspectives

et al. 2022

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This review describes the state of the art in the field of poly (lactic acid) (PLA)-based materials activated by natural compounds and extracts (active ingredients, AIs) from plant sources for food and biomedical applications. With a multidisciplinary approach, after a description of the synthesis and properties of PLA, special attention was paid to the chemical properties and unconventional extraction technologies of AIs used for PLA activation. Innovative techniques for the incorporation of AIs into PLA; characterization and the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of the novel materials were discussed. In view of future perspectives, this study has evidenced that some aspects need to be further investigated from joint research between academia and industry, according to the green chemistry principles and circular economy strategy.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural Active Ingredients for Poly (Lactic Acid)-Based Materials: State of the Art and Perspectives

et al. 2022

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“…One of the main concerns regarding food packaging safety is the possible migration of unwanted chemicals, such as monomers and additives, from the packaging materials into the food (Etxabibe et al., 2022). European Union (EU) regulations establish that materials in contact with food must not transfer their constituents in amounts that may endanger human health or cause an unacceptable change in food composition or organoleptic characteristics (Karamfilova, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation and modeling of acrylonitrile migration from polypropylene for food packaging

Forero,

Garavito,

Castellanos

2023

Journal of Food Science

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This study validated an analytical technique using headspace gas chromatography with flame ionization detection to quantify acrylonitrile monomer with a quantification limit of 0.10 ± 0.04 µg kg−1. Subsequently, the acrylonitrile migration from polypropylene granules was evaluated in food simulants water and ethanol (50% v/v) and at two temperatures (20 ± 1°C and 44 ± 2°C) for up to 6 weeks, representing the service time of a bottle. From the experimental data obtained, pseudo‐second‐order kinetics were adjusted to represent the acrylonitrile migration into the simulants. For water, equilibrium concentrations of 13.58 and 16.58 µg kg−1 at 20 and 44°C, respectively, were obtained, while for 50% ethanol, 15.07 and 16.40 µg kg−1 were obtained for the same temperatures. The experimental results and the values estimated from the migration kinetics indicate that the maximum acrylonitrile concentration will not exceed the tolerable specific limit established in regulations.Practical ApplicationThe migration of compounds such as acrylonitrile can be a drawback resulting in an undesirable reduction in the shelf life of liquid foods packaged in bottles made of materials such as polypropylene. In this paper, acrylonitrile migration kinetics and a methodology are proposed to determine whether the tolerable migration limits are ever reached, which can serve as a tool for producers of this type of packaging of food to predict shelf life.

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“…In addition, not intentionally added materials and substances (NIAS), such as contaminants and by-products, must be continually monitored and evaluated during the manufacturing process of paper and board materials intended for food packaging. Studies have found that both IAS and NIAS can be detected as residues in food contact materials (FCMs) and are reportedly migration hazards [8][9][10][11]. When the raw material consists of recycled fibers, the risk of contamination can become higher during the production process of paperboard [12][13][14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of three extraction methods for the isolation of PAHs from recycled paperboard materials intended for food contact applications

Parigoridi

Tsoumani

Akrida‐Demertzi

et al. 2022

Eur Food Res Technol

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The present work is part of a comprehensive study aiming to identify and quantify an array of harmful contaminants at very low concentrations in recycled paperboard materials intended for food contact applications. In this initial study, three commonly used extraction techniques were optimized and tested for their efficacy and accuracy in isolating 13 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from three commercially available food packaging materials made from recycled paperboard. The techniques were Soxtec extraction (SE), ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), and headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME), followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis. The recoveries of all three methods were rather satisfactory; 10 out of 13 substances were recovered at rates between 70 and 124% using the SE method, 8 out of 13 substances were recovered at rates between 50 and 134% using the UAE method, and finally, 8 out of 13 substances were recovered at rates between 70 and 105% using the HS-SPME method. Regarding accuracy, the HS-SPME method gave the best results at 125 μg kg−1, as 7 out of 13 concentration values were within acceptable limits, while only five and four concentration values were within limits for the UAE and SE methods, respectively. Furthermore, the results of both the calculated RSD and HorRat values indicated that HS-SPME is more accurate for extracting PAHs than the other two methods.

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Non‐permanent primary food packaging materials assessment: Identification, migration, toxicity, and consumption of substances

Cited by 12 publications

References 59 publications

Natural Active Ingredients for Poly (Lactic Acid)-Based Materials: State of the Art and Perspectives

Natural Active Ingredients for Poly (Lactic Acid)-Based Materials: State of the Art and Perspectives

Evaluation and modeling of acrylonitrile migration from polypropylene for food packaging

Evaluation of three extraction methods for the isolation of PAHs from recycled paperboard materials intended for food contact applications

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