Unpacking Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Emotional Distress Among Adolescents During Witnessed Police Stops

Jackson, Dylan B.; Toro, Juan Del; Semenza, Daniel C.; Testa, Alexander; Vaughn, Michael G.

doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2021.02.021

Cited by 57 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 34 publications

(30 reference statements)

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“…Police stops may compromise the health and well‐being of adolescents (Jackson, Del Toro, Semenza, Testa, & Vaughn, 2021), with an increased likelihood that Black boys will have been stopped by the police. We emphasize that police stops could have serious implications for youth’s development and urge that policies be revisited to minimize unnecessary police intervention in adolescents’ lives.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Intersectional Approach to Understanding the Academic and Health Effects of Policing Among Urban Adolescents

Toro

Wang

Thomas

et al. 2021

J of Research on Adolesc

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This brief report examines whether the effects of direct and vicarious police stops on adolescents’ academic adjustment via their psychological and physical well‐being differ across ethnic–racial and gender groups. Using national and longitudinal survey data from Black, Latinx, and White adolescents (N = 3004; 49% girls), we found that the police stopped more Black boys and Black girls than their ethnic–racial peers. Vicarious stops were prevalent among all groups. The effects of police stops on adolescents’ adjustment outcomes were more detrimental for adolescents of color and particularly Black boys relative to their White peers. Implications are discussed regarding how law enforcement shapes disparities that disadvantage particular adolescents at the intersections of their ethnicity–race and gender.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Intersectional Approach to Understanding the Academic and Health Effects of Policing Among Urban Adolescents

Toro

Wang

Thomas

et al. 2021

J of Research on Adolesc

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“…Law enforcement is a pervasive presence in adolescents’ ethnic-racial minority communities (Del Toro, 2021; Jackson et al, 2021). For youth of color, exposure to police encounters emerges as early as the onset of adolescence (Weaver & Geller, 2019).…”

Section: Police Stops Lead Youth To Disengage From Schoolmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Law enforcement is a pervasive presence in adolescents' ethnicracial minority communities Jackson et al, 2021).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The policing paradox: Police stops predict youth’s school disengagement via elevated psychological distress.

Toro¹,

Jackson²,

Wang³

2022

Developmental Psychology

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Negative interactions with the legal system can inform adolescents' relationships with schools. The present daily-diary study examined 13,545 daily survey assessments from 387 adolescents (M age = 13-14; 40% male; 32% Black, 50% White, and 18% Other ethnic-racial minority) across 35 days to assess whether police stops predicted adolescents' school disengagement through their psychological distress as a mediator. Results showed that 9% of youth experienced at least one police stop, and 66 stops occurred in total over the 35-day study course. Youth stopped by the police reported greater nextday school disengagement, and youth's psychological distress mediated the link between police stops and school disengagement. Disengagement did not predict youth's next-day police stops. In addition, ethnic-racial minority youth reported more negative police encounters than did White youth, and the effect of a police stop on next-day psychological distress was more negative for Other ethnic-racial minority youth. Implications for reducing police intervention in adolescents' lives are discussed.

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“…Police contact is not randomly distributed across the population and, instead, is concentrated among vulnerable segments of the population. For example, adolescents of color are more likely to experience personal and vicarious police contact than their White counterparts (Geller, 2021; Jackson et al., 2021b), and these adolescents may report lower future orientation resulting from their experiences of racism and discrimination (Herrera, 2009; Nyborg & Curry, 2003). Similarly, police contact is concentrated among those living in disadvantaged and highly surveilled neighborhoods (Rengifo & Fowler, 2016), those who engage in delinquent behavior (Dennison & Finkeldey, 2021), and those whose parents have had contact with the criminal justice system (Geller, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Police contact and future orientation from adolescence to young adulthood: Findings from the Pathways to Desistance Study

et al. 2021

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In response to the changing nature of policing in the United States, and current climate of police-citizen relations, research has begun to explore the consequences of adolescent police contact for life outcomes. The current study investigates if and under what conditions police contact has repercussions for future orientation during adolescence and the transition into young adulthood. Using data from the Pathways to Desistance study, a multisite longitudinal study of serious offenders followed from adolescence to young adulthood, results from a series of fixed-effects models demonstrated three main findings. First, personal and vicarious police contact, compared with no additional police contact, are negatively associated with within-person changes in future orientation. Second, any exposure to police contact, regardless of how just or unjust the contact is perceived, is negatively associated with future orientation. Third, the negative association between police contact and future orientation is larger for White individuals compared with that for Black or Hispanic individuals.Considering the importance of future orientation for prosocial behavior, the findings suggest that adolescent police contact may serve as an important life-course event with repercussions for later life outcomes.

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Unpacking Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Emotional Distress Among Adolescents During Witnessed Police Stops

Cited by 57 publications

References 34 publications

An Intersectional Approach to Understanding the Academic and Health Effects of Policing Among Urban Adolescents

An Intersectional Approach to Understanding the Academic and Health Effects of Policing Among Urban Adolescents

The policing paradox: Police stops predict youth’s school disengagement via elevated psychological distress.

Police contact and future orientation from adolescence to young adulthood: Findings from the Pathways to Desistance Study

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