“…The changing climate poses serious challenges to human livelihoods due to changes in rainfall patterns, seasonality and biodiversity [68,79,84], implying strong links to land transformation, agricultural productivity and food production [33,42,44]. Particularly, the poorest and most vulnerable countries and communities in the Global South have a weak adaptive capacity [21,63,68], characterized by limited asset endowment, few income opportunities [60,62], high dependence on agriculture [9,20,23,56] and food insecurity [22,27].…”