Unpacking ‘culture’: Caregiver socialization of emotion and child functioning in diverse families

Pathways to behavior problems in Norwegian kindergarten children: The role of parent emotion socialization and child emotion understanding

“…Collectively, a large body of research suggests a significant positive association between non-supportive parental ERSBs and externalizing child behavior problems in 5-year-olds (Eisenberg et al, 1998, andMorris et al, 2007). More recent studies do, however, find inconsistent results, and findings do not necessarily replicate across cultures (Bardack & Obradovi c, 2017;Cole & Tan, 2015;Nelson & Boyer, 2018;Raval & Walker, 2019).…”

“…Few studies have directly tested this theory, and cross-cultural studies find results that are inconsistent with findings from North American studies (Raval & Walker, 2019;Raval, Walker & Daga, 2018). The first study to test the theory was the original study by Gottman et al (1996), who concluded that the effect of emotion coaching on child outcomes was mediated by child emotion regulation.…”

Beliefs About Children’s Emotions in Chile

“…Although emotion-related beliefs have been investigated in the United States, Europe, and Asia, the study of culture and emotion is still incipient in South America with its heterogenous cultures, and the meeting of various original and dominant occidental cultures. Our work answers the call to investigate more of the cultural possibilities in emotionrelated values and experiences across the world (Raval and Walker, 2019), and to expand our understanding of the role of different adults and geographies in the development of emotionrelated beliefs. We were particularly interested in exploring both similarities and differences across cultures, and we had the opportunity to include one of the oldest original cultures in the Americas, which is also a culture that has retained many of its customs and beliefs.…”

“…The origin of emotion beliefs is most likely situated in the cultural context (Mesquita and Frijda, 1992;Cole and Tan, 2007;Mesquita and Albert, 2007;Harkness et al, 2011), and as evidence, emotion beliefs often vary by culture. Importantly, they almost always reflect and maintain the existing values, norms, and customs of that community of people (Harkness and Super, 1992;Friedlmeier et al, 2015;Tamir et al, 2016;Raval and Walker, 2019). Because beliefs often guide behaviors (Dennis and Halberstadt, 2012;Lozada et al, 2016;Hagan et al, 2020), the everyday beliefs that people hold can help us to understand more about similarities and differences in emotion socialization across cultures.…”

Toward integrating research on parent–child emotion talk and linguistic theory: A spotlight on parents’ (in)direct communication

“…Culture shapes politeness (Blum-Kulka, 1990), and thus emotion talk may be more facethreatening within cultures that prioritize politeness. Culture also may define which emotions are more face-threatening to discuss-for example, in interdependent communities that value social harmony, individuals may be more willing to discuss socially-engaging emotions (relational emotions such as respect) than socially-disengaging emotions (i.e., pride, anger; Kitayama, Mesquita, & Karasawa, 2006;Raval & Walker, 2019). Japanese undergraduates report that it is less appropriate to express both positive (i.e., happiness) and powerful negative (i.e., anger) emotions compared with undergraduates from the US and Canada (Safdar et al, 2009).…”