University-industry entrepreneurship: The organization and management of American university technology transfer units

Abstract

Abstract. Mechanisms for increasing technology transfer between universities and industry have proliferated rapidly in the United States as institutions of higher education have become much more entrepreneurial. The economic implications of these activities have received substantial attention and the sociological aspects of this process have been vigorously debated (e.g., the effect of university-industry relationships on academic integrity). Much less consideration has been given to the successful organization and management of these emerging university 'service' units. The study presents results of a national survey of the organization, management, and perceived performance effectiveness of university technology transfer units. Units studied included: licensing and patenting offices (units seeking commercial applications for university research); small business development centers (units providing technical or managerial assistance to entrepreneurs or small businesses); research and technology centers (units operating or participating in facilities for the development of new technology); incubators (units managing facilities in support of new technology-based businesses); and investment/endowment offices (units utilizing the university's financial resources for equity in start-up businesses). The implications of the research for university management and govemment policy are explored.

Organizational design of research results transfer offices: systematic revision of the literature

“…Here, we present the number of articles per type of approach that had a specific type of methodology: (Anspach, 1991;Cocks, 1980;Dean Jr. & Snell, 1991;Deshpande & Zaltman, 1982;Deshpande, 1982;Dill, 1995;Dougherty, 1992;Glick, Huber, Miller, Doty, & Sutcliffe, 1990;Gurkov & Settles, 2011;Hannan, Pólos, & Carroll, 2003;Hax & Majluf, 1981;Heimann, 1993;Huber & McDaniel, 1986;Kaiser & Bostrom, 1982;Kozma, 1985;Krackhardt & Stern, 1988;Lane, 1983;Leidner & Elam, 1995;Long, 1980;Perrow, 1983;Rivkin & Siggelkow, 2003;Rowland & Parry, 2009;Sloper, 1982;Sun & Scott, 2005;Ashoorkhani, Gholami, & Majdzadeh, 2011;Bartlett, 2009;Boardman & Ponomariov, 2011;Dee, Henkin, & Singleton, 2006;Klein, 1996;Visscher & Visscher-Voerman, 2010;Wernerfelt, 2004) Focus Group (Andriopoulos & Lewis, 2009;Anspach, 1991;Bozionelos, 2008;Burns & Wholey, 1993;Caldwell, 1991;Carley & Lin, 1997;Cocks, 1980;…”

How University’s Activities Support the Development of Students’ Entrepreneurial Abilities: Case of Slovenia and Croatia

“…G. Carayannis and Campbell 2009;Dubina et al 2012). In that framework, universities focused their education and researches on creativity, innovativeness, and entrepreneurship (Dill 1995;Schumpeter 1992;Daghfous 2007;Afuah 2003;Conway and Steward 2009;Lafley and Johnson 2010); development of students' intellectual capabilities for their future working in knowledge-intensive society (Mandel and Noyes 2016;Drucker 1969;Powell and Snellman 2004;Kaufman 2015); integration and cooperation with local, regional, national, and international societies (Leydesdorff 2006;Korten 2009); and development of adequate abilities of universities' stakeholders-i.e. owners, academic staff, professional staff, students, participating organizations (Newman et al 2004;Peet and Hartwick 2009;Altmann and Ebersberger 2013) for their active leading of society development (Mintzberg et al 1998;Klimoski 2007;Philpott et al 2011).…”

“…Academia can use different approaches to utilization of entrepreneurial capabilities and competences (Davidsson 1991;Morris et al 2013;Kuratko 2016), which are focused on (a) contextual and methodological improvement of their working through curriculum reformation and quality improvement (Dill 1995;Acito et al 2008;EuropeanUnion 2008); (b) acceleration of cooperation with academic and industrial partners in domestic and international environments (Teece 1998;Yusof and Jain 2010;Botsaris and Vamvaka 2016); development of solutions for entrepreneurial working of universities like triple helix and quadruple innovation helix models (R. Ireland and Hitt 1997;E. G. Carayannis and Campbell 2009;E.…”

“…For example, Dill (1995) emphasized development of mechanisms for increasing technology transfer between universities and industry in USA; Etzkowitz et al (2000) reported that Bentrepreneurial university^ is a global phenomenon with an isomorphic development path; Mueller (2006) established that entrepreneurship and universityindustry relations are vehicles for knowledge flow in modern societies; and Holt et al (2007) investigate how educational contextual and process variables effect the enterprises entrepreneurship.…”

Academic entrepreneurship in a medical university: A system dynamics approach

“…Acworth, 2008;Perkmann, Walsh, 2009;Bruneel, et al 2010). Topics such as spin off creation process (Chrisman et al, 1995), university Technology Transfer (UTT) (Dill, 1995), new venture creation (Salamzadeh, 2015), commercialization of university research (Tanha et al, 2011), academic status (Guerrero et al 2014), startup companies (Salamzadeh, Kawamorita Kesim, 2015 and the like are included in the literature of academic entrepreneurship.…”