Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Affetme Esnekliğinin Özgecilik Üzerindeki Etkisinin Yapısal Eşitlik Modeli ile İncelenmesi

Abstract

The aim of this research is to analyze the effect of forgiveness flexibility of university students on altruism using the structural equation model. In the 2018-2019 academic year at Sakarya University Faculty of Education, a total of 716 students, 500 of whom were women (69.8) and 216 of whom were men (30.2), took part in the research. Altruism Scale, Forgiveness Flexibility Scale and Personal Information Form were used as data collection tools. Structural equation modeling was performed to determine the impact of forgiveness flexibility on altruism. As a result of the research, it has been seen that, among the university students, the recognition dimension of the forgiveness flexibility scale predicts the dimensions of aid based on physical strength and aid based on intimate feeling significantly; while it does not predict the dimensions of participating in volunteering activities, financial aid, aid under traumatic situations, aid to older people/patients and aid in educational process. The internalization and practice dimensions of forgiveness flexibility have been also found to predict all sub-dimensions of altruism significantly.

The Examination of the Mediator Role of Optimism, Self-Compassion, Altruism and Gratitude in the Relationship Between Cognitive Distortions and Forgiveness of Emerging Adults

“…It is known that there are negative and significant relationships between individuals’ characteristics such as optimism (Carver & Scheier, 2005; Pacheco & Malagris, 2020), self-compassion (Hou et al, 2020; Stanziano, 2019), altruism (Krieger & Falcone, 2017; Reed, 1983) and gratitude (Jung et al, 2014; Ramsey, 2019) and cognitive distortions and that the development of these personality characteristics significantly reduces cognitive distortions through mutual interaction (Jung et al, 2014; Karagöz, 2011; Kılıç & Tunç, 2020; Ulusoy & Duy, 2013). When studies on these personality characteristics are examined in the literature, it is seen that optimism (Ramadhani et al, 2021), self-compassion (Booker, 2019; Wu et al, 2019), altruism (Ergi et al, 2021; Oliner, 2005) and gratitude (Hermaen & Hussain Bhutto, 2020; Ramsey, 2019) seem to be facilitating factors for individuals to forgive themselves. In this context, with the support from the literature, it can be said that optimism, self-compassion, altruism and gratitude, which are the mediating variables of the current study, can be potential variables that can reduce the negative effects of cognitive distortions and increase the self-forgiveness of individuals.…”

“…While it is known that altruism is a curative and therapeutic behaviour (Yalom, 1995), Oliner (2009) argues that altruism will contribute positively to interpersonal apology, forgiveness of others and reconciliation with others. In addition, it is known that the level of individuals’ forgiveness flexibility has a positive role in explaining altruistic behaviours that include helping others (Ergi et al, 2021). In light of all these findings, it can be said that altruism is a powerful mediator variable that can soften the negative relationship between cognitive distortions and forgiveness of others.…”

“…In these studies, altruistic behaviours of individuals, which include helping others by sacrificing, have an important role in explaining individuals' forgiveness. Given the reciprocal relationship between altruism and forgiveness, it is normal for the individual to become more altruistic by being more sensitive to the individuals and events around him/her and not being indifferent to the needs of his/her environment through the sense of empathy that becomes evident when he/she puts forgiveness into practice (Ergi et al, 2021). The relatively less use of altruism and forgiveness by therapists can be explained by the fact that these two therapeutic strategies are less compatible with the theory of the self that philosophically underlies most of the popular psychotherapeutic approaches in use today.…”

“…In interpersonal relationships, individuals can sometimes be hurt or hurt others for some reasons. In such cases, it is revealed that forgiveness has an important role for the continuation of social relations and the subjective psychological well-being of the individual (Ergi et al, 2021). Studies on forgiveness gathered momentum in the 1980s, and in the 2000s, forgiveness became one of the most studied topics in the field of psychology (McCullough et al, 2005).…”

“…Cognitive distortions that lead to guilt will create difficulties in perceiving social cues and in emotional regulation, preventing a productive altruistic behaviour. On the other hand, when the literature is examined, it is seen that there are also studies suggesting that there is a positive and significant correlation between altruism and forgiveness (Ergi et al, 2021; Naeem & Akhtar, 2016; Shabizade et al, 2016). In addition, it is known that altruism has positive and significant relationships with forgiveness of self (Oliner, 2005), others (Naeem & Akhtar, 2016), and situations (Sanlav, 2016), which are sub-dimensions of general forgiveness.…”