Universal output directionality of single modes in a deformed microcavity

Lee, Sang-Bum; Yang, Juhee; Moon, Songky; Lee, Jai-Hyung; An, Kyungwon; Shim, Jeong-Bo; Lee, Hai‐Woong; Kim, Sang Wook

doi:10.1103/physreva.75.011802

Cited by 74 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 27 publications

(28 reference statements)

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“…In fact, the same -X dependence was observed for the other P modes and even at off resonance as well, which is consistent with the mode-independent farfield patterns shown in Ref. [26]. A maximum pumping efficiency occurs at ð; XÞ ¼ ð55…”

Section: H Y S I C a L R E V I E W L E T T E R Ssupporting

confidence: 89%

“…We can identify five distinct mode groups with mode orders l ¼ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 as shown in Fig. 1(b), a magnified view of the spectrum in the region of 600 nm [26]. Each of the mode groups has a regular mode spacing, supporting that the observed modes are localized on periodic orbits.…”

Section: H Y S I C a L R E V I E W L E T T E R Smentioning

confidence: 54%

“…In experiment, the quantity measured is not r , but 0 r , inversely proportional to the observed quality factor of the regular eigenmode [26].…”

Section: Fig 4 (Color Online) (A)mentioning

confidence: 92%

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Pump-Induced Dynamical Tunneling in a Deformed Microcavity Laser

et al. 2010

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Pump-induced dynamical tunneling has been observed in free-space resonant optical pumping of a deformed microcavity by employing excitation spectroscopy. A focused-pump beam was injected into the cavity by refraction and then coupled to a high-Q cavity mode via dynamical tunneling. Pump-coupling efficiency as high as 50% and an effective coupling constant responsible for the tunneling were obtained from the observed pumping efficiency with a mode-mode coupling model. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.104.243601 PACS numbers: 42.55.Sa, 03.65.Xp, 05.45.Mt, 42.50.Àp Efficient optical pumping of high-Q cavity modes is of primary concern in microcavity applications such as microlasers and optoelectronic components and devices [1]. Prism and tapered-fiber couplings are commonly used for ultrahigh-Q whispering gallery modes [2,3]. However, simple free-space coupling without near-field couplers is often needed for practical reasons such as experimental limitations or implementation cost. Microcavities deformed from rotational symmetry can provide directional emission of high-Q modes, and, moreover, allow one to excite them by a free-space pump beam. Recently, cryogenic cooling of an optomechanical resonator assisted by free-space evanescent coupling has been reported in a slightly deformed microsphere [4]. Efficient nonresonant optical pumping based on ray chaos has also been demonstrated in deformed microcavities [5,6], suggesting further enhancements by resonant optical pumping.In a significantly deformed microcavity, the ray dynamics typically exhibits both regular and chaotic trajectories [7], resulting in a mixed phase space: high-Q modes are usually localized on regular regions such as invariant tori and regular islands surrounded by a chaotic sea. It is known that light in high-Q modes localized on those regular regions can be transferred to the nearest chaotic sea by a dynamical process and then transported by ray chaos resulting in a directional refractive output. The dynamical process is called dynamical tunneling [8] since the transport from a regular region to the chaotic sea is strictly forbidden classically.The dynamical tunneling is thus an essential link between high-Q modes and directional output, important assets for the aforementioned photonic applications. In fact, dynamical tunneling is of great current interest and has been studied theoretically in various physical systems [9][10][11][12][13][14]. Experimental signatures of dynamical tunneling were reported in a microwave billiard in energy splitting [15,16], in an acoustical resonator through spectral statistics [17], and in a cold atomic sample in atomic momentum distribution [18,19]. In microcavities, although it has been studied theoretically [20][21][22][23], there is no direct experimental evidence for dynamical tunneling.How can then the dynamical tunneling be used to improve the optical pumping? The answer lies in the reverse of the aforementioned output process. If we inject a pump beam in a time reversed way, the pump light might be transferre...

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Section: H Y S I C a L R E V I E W L E T T E R Ssupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: H Y S I C a L R E V I E W L E T T E R Smentioning

confidence: 54%

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Pump-Induced Dynamical Tunneling in a Deformed Microcavity Laser

et al. 2010

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“…In another way, the rays motion near the critical line have all been domain by the unstable manifold near it, and a direct result is that high Q modes will all have the similar directionality because they obey the same motion when they leak out, leading to the so-called university directionality emission. This has been proven in varied cavity shape in both experiment and numerical simulation [40,41].…”

Section: Mechanism Of Directional Emissionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Asymmetric resonant cavities and their applications in optics and photonics: a review

Xiao

Zou

et al. 2010

Front. Optoelectron. China

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Asymmetric resonant cavities (ARCs) with smoothly deformed boundaries are currently under intensive study because they possess distinct properties that conventional symmetric cavities cannot provide. On one hand, it has been demonstrated that ARCs allow for highly directional emission instead of the in-plane isotropic light output in symmetric whispering-gallery cavities, such as microdisks, microspheres, and microtoroids. On the other hand, ARCs behave like open billiard system and thus offer an excellent platform to test classical and quantum chaos. This article reviews the recent progresses and prospects for the experimental realization of ARCs, with applications toward highly directional microlasing, strongcoupling light-matter interaction, and highly sensitive biosensing.

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“…This result is important because this mechanism can be applied to other high-Q modes in chaotic microcavity. The importance of unstable-manifold structure near the critical line has been stressed by many authors (Schwefel et al, 2004;Altmann, 2009) and experimentally confirmed in liquid-jet microcavity (Lee, S.-B. et al, 2007).…”

Section: Scarred Modesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical Mode Properties of 2-D Deformed Microcavities

Lee¹

2010

Advances in Optical and Photonic Devices

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Universal output directionality of single modes in a deformed microcavity

Cited by 74 publications

References 27 publications

Pump-Induced Dynamical Tunneling in a Deformed Microcavity Laser

Pump-Induced Dynamical Tunneling in a Deformed Microcavity Laser

Asymmetric resonant cavities and their applications in optics and photonics: a review

Optical Mode Properties of 2-D Deformed Microcavities

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