Unitised timber envelopes. A novel approach to the design of prefabricated mass timber envelopes for multi-storey buildings

Gasparri, Eugenia; Aitchison, Mathew

doi:10.1016/j.jobe.2019.100898

Cited by 24 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…The determination of the compressive strength according to EN 1995-1-1 ( 2006) and ASTM D143-14 ( 2014) is similar to the determination of the yield strength according to ISO 13910 (2005). The yield strength values in this study were 34% higher than those obtained by Sereno and Enquist (2010) and Gasparri et al (2016) (Table 4). Such differences in the measured the shape (e.g., line and point) of the bearing plate and the position (e.g., center and edge) at which the load was applied to the specimen.…”

Section: Compressive Strength Properties For Larch Cltcontrasting

confidence: 74%

“…As shown in this study and in the previous studies by Serrano and Enquist, when force is applied to the center of the CLT test specimen, CLT is supported by the textures of the adjacent wood grains. As in the study by Gasparri et al (2016), a higher compressive strength value can be obtained than when force is applied to the edge of the test specimens (Augustin et al 2006;Serrano and Enquist 2010). Another cause of such a difference in compressive strength is the difference in the determination method of the strength properties of each test criterion for the load-strain curves.…”

Section: Compressive Strength Properties For Larch Cltmentioning

confidence: 79%

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Compressive strength properties perpendicular to the grain of larch cross-laminated timber

Song

Hong

2019

BioRes

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As timber tends to be weak against the load perpendicular to grains, it can be important to study the consequences of applying loads perpendicular to larch cross-laminated timber (CLT) composed of multiple larch laminae. Compression tests were conducted perpendicular to the in-plane and out-of-plane grains of Japanese larch CLT. Out-of-plane average compressive strength, average yield strength, and average compressive stiffness perpendicular to the grain of the larch CLT were 11.94 N/mm2, 7.30 N/mm2, and 7.30 N/mm3, respectively, whereas the in-plane average compressive strength, average yield strength, and average compressive stiffness perpendicular to the grain of the larch CLT were 21.48 N/mm2, 21.18 N/mm2, and 18.72 N/mm3, respectively. The in-plane compressive strength and yield strength showed a statistically significant relationship with the density of CLT, the modulus of elasticity measured by longitudinal vibration (MOELV), and the average MOELV of the laminae constructing the cross-laminated timber. The in-plane yield strength was affected by the MOELV of the outer laminae and the average MOELV of the larch cross-laminated timber. The compressive strength properties were most affected by the loading surface of the CLT. The variation between the moisture content and compressive strength properties of the CLT, however, was not statistically significant.

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Section: Compressive Strength Properties For Larch Cltcontrasting

confidence: 74%

Section: Compressive Strength Properties For Larch Cltmentioning

confidence: 79%

Compressive strength properties perpendicular to the grain of larch cross-laminated timber

Song

Hong

2019

BioRes

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“…Prefabrication involves producing construction units in a controlled factory environment, followed by transporting and assembling these units on-site for the complete construction of the building [52]. The low weight of timber facilitates these steps compared to other structural materials [18]. Within this modern production philosophy, a holistic strategy is necessary, including 3D modelling of the building, well-defined technical systems for resolving complexities in the factory, the use of information communication technology, high levels of planning and process control, and stronger relationships between stakeholders [53].…”

Section: Engineered Wood Products and Prefabricationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Within this modern production philosophy, a holistic strategy is necessary, including 3D modelling of the building, well-defined technical systems for resolving complexities in the factory, the use of information communication technology, high levels of planning and process control, and stronger relationships between stakeholders [53]. Prefabrication also impacts the design process, which, in addition to discussions about material performance and structural optimization, must consider solutions regarding construction process efficiency and on-site safety management [18].…”

Section: Engineered Wood Products and Prefabricationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, the development of CAD/CAM (Computer-Aided Design/Computer-Aided Manufacturing) technology combined with the use of CNC (Computer Numeric Control) equipment and the integrated approach of various specialties within the BIM methodology has increased the precision and quality of wood products. Produced in a controlled factory environment, these products minimize on-site activity, thereby reducing construction time, site costs, noise, pollution, waste, accident risks, the need for traditional construction equipment, and material deterioration due to exposure to moisture [14][15][16][17][18]. An example is the Forté building, located in Melbourne and inaugurated in 2013.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Contemporary Strategies for the Structural Design of Multi-Story Modular Timber Buildings: A Comprehensive Review

Tenório,

Ferreira,

Belafonte

et al. 2024

Applied Sciences

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Modular timber construction embodies a pioneering and eco-friendly methodology within the building sector. With the notable progress made in manufacturing technologies and the advent of engineered wood products, timber has evolved into a promising substitute for conventional materials such as concrete, masonry, and steel. Beyond its structural attributes, timber brings environmental advantages, including its inherent capacity for carbon sequestration and a reduced carbon footprint compared to conventional materials. Timber’s lightweight nature, coupled with its versatility and efficiency in factory-based production, accelerates modular construction processes, providing a sustainable solution to the growing demands of the building industry. This work thoroughly explores contemporary modular construction using wood as the primary material. The investigation spans various aspects, from the fundamentals of modularity and the classification of modular timber solutions to considerations of layout design, structural systems, and stability at both the building and module levels. Moreover, inter-module joining techniques, MEP (mechanical, electrical, and plumbing) integration, and designs for disassembly are scrutinized. The investigation led to the conclusion that timber modular construction, drawing inspiration from the steel modular concept, consistently utilizes a structural approach based on linear members (timber frame, post-and-beam, etc.), incorporating stability configurations and diverse joint techniques. Despite the emphasis on modularization and prefabrication for adaptability, a significant portion of solutions still concentrate on the on-site linear assembly process of those linear members. Regarding modularity trends, the initial prevalence of 2D and 3D systems has given way to a recent surge in the utilization of post-and-beam structures, congruent with the ascending verticality of buildings. In contrast to avant-garde and bold trends, timber structures typically manifest as rectilinear, symmetric plans, characterized by regular and repetitive extrusions, demonstrating a proclivity for centrally located cores. This work aims to offer valuable insights into the current utilization of modular timber construction while identifying pivotal gaps for exploration. The delineation of these unexplored areas seeks to enable the advancement of modular timber projects and systems, fully leveraging the benefits provided by prefabrication and modularity.

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Review of the use of solid wood as an external cladding material in the built environment

2022

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Timber cladding has been used since historical times as a locally available, affordable weather protection option. Nowadays, interest in timber cladding is again increasing because of ecological reasons as well as naturalistic viewpoints. This review presents a comprehensive report on timber cladding in a European context, beginning with a brief overview of the history before considering contemporary use of timber cladding for building envelopes. The basic principles of good design are considered, paying attention to timber orientation, fixings and environmental risk factors. The relationship of timber with moisture is discussed with respect to sorption behaviour, dimensional instability and design methods to minimise the negative consequences associated with wetting. The behaviour of timber cladding in fires, the effects of environmental stresses and weathering, as well as the cladding properties and the variation thereof with different types of wood and anatomical factors (including exposure of different timber faces), are examined. The review then moves on to considering different methods for protecting timber, such as the use of coatings, preservatives, fire retardants and wood modification. A brief discussion of various environmental considerations is also included, including life cycle assessment, embodied carbon and sequestered atmospheric carbon. The review finishes by making concluding remarks, providing a basis for the selection of appropriate cladding types for different environments.

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Unitised timber envelopes. A novel approach to the design of prefabricated mass timber envelopes for multi-storey buildings

Cited by 24 publications

References 3 publications

Compressive strength properties perpendicular to the grain of larch cross-laminated timber

Compressive strength properties perpendicular to the grain of larch cross-laminated timber

Contemporary Strategies for the Structural Design of Multi-Story Modular Timber Buildings: A Comprehensive Review

Review of the use of solid wood as an external cladding material in the built environment

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