United States Department of Agriculture—Agricultural Research Service research on alternatives to methyl bromide: pre‐plant and post‐harvest

Schneider, S. M.; Rosskopf, Erin N.; Leesch, J. G.; Chellemi, D. O.; Bull, Carolee T.; Mazzola, Mark

doi:10.1002/ps.728

Cited by 149 publications

(90 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…To determine the number of colony forming units of Pythium, 1 g of airdried soil was added to 10-ml sterilized water blanks (triplicate tubes for each sample), vortexed to mix the soil, and 500 µl of this soil solution was distributed evenly over a petri dish containing a semiselective Pythium medium (five plates per tube). The medium consisted of corn meal agar (17 g/liter, BBL, Kansas City, MO) amended immediately after autoclaving with 0.1% Tween 20 followed by pimaricin (10 mg/liter), ampicillin (250 mg/liter), rifampicin (10 mg/liter), rose bengal (50 mg/liter), and Benomyl 50WP (28). After 24 h incubation at 25°C, the surfaces of the plates were washed free of soil under a gentle stream of water and the number of colonies counted.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Crop Rotation for Verticillium Wilt Management and Effect on Pythium Species in Conventional and Organic Strawberry Production

et al. 2009

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The effects of broccoli and lettuce rotations on population densities of Verticillium dahliae and Pythium spp. in soil and on strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) growth, yield, and Verticillium wilt were evaluated in conventional and organic production systems in California for 2 years. Under both management systems, strawberry was planted after two successive crops of broccoli or lettuce. The control treatment in the conventional field was strawberry planted in soils fumigated with methyl bromide + chloropicrin. Preplant densities of V. dahliae and Pythium sp. did not differ in these fields. At the end of the second broccoli crop, V. dahliae densities in conventional plots had declined by 44% in both years. In contrast, after the second broccoli crop, densities in organic fields decreased 47% in 2000 and 25% in 2001. In general, there were no differences in V. dahliae inoculum densities in organic and conventional plots following lettuce rotations. After the second vegetable production cycle, population densities of V. dahliae in broccoli rotated organic (24 CFU/g of soil in 2000 and 27 CFU/g of soil in 2001) or conventional (23 CFU/g of soil in 2000 and 19 CFU/g of soil in 2001) fields were significantly lower than those in lettuce rotated organic (40 CFU/g of soil in 2000 and 42 CFU/g of soil in 2001) or conventional (39 CFU/g of soil in 2000 and 35 CFU/g of soil in 2001) fields. However, crop rotation treatments had no consistent effect on the inoculum densities of Pythium spp. Canopy diameters of strawberry plants grown in rotation with broccoli were not different from those in fumigated control plots, whereas those from lettuce plots were 10% smaller. Strawberry plant nutrient analysis showed that fertilizer inputs into organic or conventional production were not responsible for the observed differences in plant size. Increases in strawberry yields were not consistent between years. Verticillium wilt incidence on strawberry was 12 to 24% lower in fields rotated with broccoli compared with fields rotated with lettuce. Wilt severity on strawberry was 22 to 36% lower in fields rotated with broccoli compared with those rotated with lettuce. The strategy of using broccoli rotation coupled with postharvest incorporation of broccoli residue continues to show promise as a tool in the management of Verticillium wilt in both conventional and organic strawberry production systems.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Crop Rotation for Verticillium Wilt Management and Effect on Pythium Species in Conventional and Organic Strawberry Production

et al. 2009

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“…Methyl bromide is a critical element in the pre-plant management of soil-borne pests and pathogens in high value fruit, nursery and ornamental crops, and in post-harvest management of pests on fresh produce and durable commodities (Schneider et al 2003). Since the early 1990s, this fumigant has been known to break down under the influence of strong UV rays, and thus release bromide atoms which deplete the ozone layer (WMO 1995;Dabrowski 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since the early 1990s, this fumigant has been known to break down under the influence of strong UV rays, and thus release bromide atoms which deplete the ozone layer (WMO 1995;Dabrowski 2002). Increased awareness of the effect of chemicals on the environment and non-target organisms (Horowitz et al 2003;Cuthbertson and Murchie 2005, 2010, 2012 and the phase-out of methyl bromide in industrialised countries in January 2005 (Schneider et al 2003) has lead to a greater demand for alternatives to methyl bromide for invertebrate pest control to be devised (Giannakou and Karpouzas 2003;Lopez-Aranda et al 2003;Slusarski and Pietr 2003). Under current UK quarantine and pre-shipment rules methyl bromide can be used in an emergency situation if no viable alternative can be found.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental evaluation of alternative chemicals to methyl bromide for fumigation of quarantine pests in transit

Cuthbertson

Mills

Wonter-Smith

et al. 2013

Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol.

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The majority of recent quarantine schedules have relied on methyl bromide fumigation. However, due to the phase-out of this fumigant in January 2005 alternative treatments are needed. Four alternative chemical fumigants were tested for their potential to replace methyl bromide as a control agent for Bemisia tabaci, Liriomyza huidobrensis and Frankliniella occidentalis. Phosphine at 2 g/m 3 gave promising results at 15°C with complete mortality of all insects after 24 h exposure. Sulphuryl fluoride, ethyl formate and acetaldehyde caused severe damage to plant foliage after only 4 h exposure. However, sulphuryl fluoride produced 100 % mortality of L. huidobrensis pupae after only 2 h exposure. In a large scale test using phosphine 2 g/m 3 at 15°C complete mortality of L. huidobrensis eggs and pupae was recorded after a 24 h exposure. However, only 98.5 and 86 % mortality of B. tabaci eggs and F. occidentalis eggs, respectively, was recorded after this treatment. Treatments with phosphine produced no significant detrimental effects on subsequent plant growth. The potential of these chemicals to act as alternatives to methyl bromide as quarantine fumigants is discussed.

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“…The majority of such treatments have relied on methyl bromide (Lopez-Aranda et al, 2003;Walters, 2001). However, although methyl bromide usage for quarantine purposes is exempt from being phased out (Schneider et al, 2003) if no viable alternative is found, there is still a demand for alternatives to methyl bromide for invertebrate pest control to be devised (Giannakou and Karpouzas, 2003;Lopez-Aranda et al, 2003;Slusarski and Pietr, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental evaluation of hot water treatments to control Liriomyza huidobrensis infesting plant material in transit

Cuthbertson¹,

Blackburn²,

Northing³

et al. 2009

Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Though quarantine disinfestation treatments have been exempt from the methyl bromide phase out, it is still required to research and develop alternative treatments for fumigation of plant material in transit. This study investigated the ability of both the egg and pupal stages of the quarantine pest, South Americian leafminer, Liriomyza huidobrensis to survive submersion in water heated to temperatures between 40 and 50 °C for varying periods of time. Large reductions in egg viability were recorded. However, the treatments also resulted in unacceptable levels of damage to the host plant material. Damage was uneconomically viable. Pupae were all killed exposure to water at 44 °C for 20 min. Incubation of insect and plant material at either 5 or 20 °C for 24 h before submersion in the hot water did not significantly alter the pests' ability to survive the treatments. The potential of hot water treatments to act as an alternative to methyl bromide fumigation for disinfecting plants in transit is discussed.

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United States Department of Agriculture—Agricultural Research Service research on alternatives to methyl bromide: pre‐plant and post‐harvest

Cited by 149 publications

References 40 publications

Comparison of Crop Rotation for Verticillium Wilt Management and Effect on Pythium Species in Conventional and Organic Strawberry Production

Comparison of Crop Rotation for Verticillium Wilt Management and Effect on Pythium Species in Conventional and Organic Strawberry Production

Environmental evaluation of alternative chemicals to methyl bromide for fumigation of quarantine pests in transit

Environmental evaluation of hot water treatments to control Liriomyza huidobrensis infesting plant material in transit

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