Unit Commitment Incorporating Spatial Distribution Control of Air Pollutant Dispersion

Abstract

Air pollution problems are attracting increasing attention, especially among developing countries with frequent haze events. Renewable energy sources such as wind power are expected to help relieve such environmental concerns. However, air pollution issues under such a changing energy structure receive inadequate attention. Mostly, constraints for total pollutant emissions are considered in unit commitment (UC) and economic dispatch (ED) problems. In this paper, we propose a UC model with wind power that considers the dispersion of air pollutants. The dispersion process is described by models involving meteorological conditions and the system's geographical distribution, to estimate the spatial distribution of air pollutants, i.e. the concentration of ground-level air pollutants at monitored locations such as load centers. A penalty cost is introduced based on this estimation. Particulate matter 2.5 micrometers or less in diameter, the major air pollutant concerning most developing countries, is selected as the focus of this work. To properly estimate and sufficiently utilize the benefits of wind power for air pollutant dispersion control, robust optimization is applied to accommodate wind power uncertainty. Case studies justify this consideration of air pollutant dispersion, and demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model for improving load centers' air pollution control and utilizing wind power benefits. Index Terms-Air pollutant dispersion, Gaussian plume model, robust optimization, unit commitment, wind power. NOMENCLATURE A. Indices: i Index of thermal units, i=1, … , NG w Index of wind farms, w=1, … , NW j Index of loads, j=1, … , ND l Index of transmission lines, l=1, … , NL t Index of time intervals, t=1, … , T

Multi-Objective Optimization Dispatching Strategy for Wind-Thermal-Storage Generation System Incorporating Temporal and Spatial Distribution Control of Air Pollutant Dispersion

“…Reduction of air pollutants emissions has been widely considered in the existing research [3]- [5] by imposing penalty cost, introducing constraints [6]- [8], or developing a multi-objective EED model which takes emission as a separate objective [9], [10]. However, it should be noted that ground level pollutant concentration (GLPC) is actually the essential aim of environmental production, which directly determines the level of health hazards and economic losses [11], [12]. GLPC is not only related to pollutants emissions, but also influenced by the characteristics of the pollutant source and the dispersion process.…”

“…To conduct EED from the perspective of controlling GLPC, the complex chemical and physical mechanism of pollutant diffusion and the resulting GLPC needs to be studied. A plume model is employed in [12] to describe the dispersion process. In environment science, Gaussian plume model is widely applied in the case where pollutant source release pollutants continuously and the pollutants disperse in limited range.…”

Environmental Economic Dispatch Strategy for Power-Gas Interconnection System Considering Spatiotemporal Diffusion of Air Pollutant and P2G in Coastal Areas

“…Refs. [17] employs the basic Gaussian plume model to simulate the pollutant diffusion of power plants. However, the Gaussian plume model is not applicable under extreme and changing atmospheric conditions.…”

Optimal Dispatch Model Considering Environmental Cost Based on Combined Heat and Power with Thermal Energy Storage and Demand Response

“…This condition leads to low wind power accommodation when most of electrical load demand could be covered by the electrical power of CHP during the off-peak hours [3]. Meanwhile, slather utilization of fossil fuel releases a large amount of CO 2 , SO 2 , and NO x , which causes the greenhouse effect and environmental pollution [4].…”

“…Some scholars realized that environmental pollution needs to be considered in the electric power industry. For instance, in Reference [4], a unit commitment model with wind power that considers the dispersion of air pollutants was proposed. In Reference [23], Nguyen et al proposed an environment-friendly distributed control approach, in which the pollutant emission costs were incorporated into the fitness function.…”