Unique signatures from printed circuit board design patterns and surface mount passives

Hamlet, Jason; Martin, Mitchell T.; Edwards, Nathan

doi:10.1109/ccst.2017.8167796

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Reliability can be measured by the Bit Error Rate (BER), which is the probability of error in the responses of the same PUF circuit for different environments under the same challenge [28], and is calculated as shown in Eq. (11).…”

Section: Performance Of Cpr Puf Responses (1) Reliabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Reliable and Efficient Chip-PCB Hybrid PUF and Lightweight Key Generator

XU¹,

KE²,

Fu³

et al. 2023

IEICE Trans. Electron.

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Physical Unclonable Function (PUF) is a promising lightweight hardware security primitive that can extract device fingerprints for encryption or authentication. However, extracting fingerprints from either the chip or the board individually has security flaws and cannot provide hardware system-level security. This paper proposes a new Chip-PCB hybrid PUF(CPR PUF) in which Weak PUF on PCB is combined with Strong PUF inside the chip to generate massive responses under the control of challenges of on-chip Strong PUF. This structure tightly couples the chip and PCB into an inseparable and unclonable unit thus can verify the authenticity of chip as well as the board. To improve the uniformity and reliability of Chip-PCB hybrid PUF, we propose a lightweight key generator based on a reliability self-test and debiasing algorithm to extract massive stable and secure keys from unreliable and biased PUF responses, which eliminates expensive error correction processes. The FPGA-based test results show that the PUF responses after robust extraction and debiasing achieve high uniqueness, reliability, uniformity and anti-counterfeiting features. Moreover, the key generator greatly reduces the execution cost and the bit error rate of the keys is less than 10 −9 , the overall security of the key is also improved by eliminating the entropy leakage of helper data.

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Section: Performance Of Cpr Puf Responses (1) Reliabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Reliable and Efficient Chip-PCB Hybrid PUF and Lightweight Key Generator

XU¹,

KE²,

Fu³

et al. 2023

IEICE Trans. Electron.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…PCB-level Fingerprint: Authentication service providers generate a unique fingerprint for each PCB [17][18][19] based on the unique characteristics of PCB, such as process variations of the path delay between PCB boundary scan cells [20], the intrinsic trace impedance [21,22], and the impedance at resonance [23,24]. [25] presents a PCB-level radio frequency identification (RFID) based counterfeit detection technique, which employs a RFID tag to collect and transmit the Physical Unclonable Function (PUF [26]) and on-chip sensors' values of all ICs on PCB.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The tested PCB can be considered as counterfeit one, if its fingerprint does not match the database or the value has changed. However, most existing countermeasures require additional equipments to measure key parameters [21][22][23][24] or modify the PCB [25], which result in high test and area overhead. Furthermore, dependence on external equipments prevents secure remote authentication.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Authentication Methodology to Detect Counterfeit PCB Using PCB Trace-Based Ring Oscillator

Zhang

Ren

2021

IEEE Access

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The existence of counterfeit products, e.g., integrated circuits (ICs) and printed circuit boards (PCBs), in the modern semiconductor supply chain has seriously jeopardized the security and reliability of electronic systems, and has also caused the loss of suppliers' profit and reputation. Most of existing research papers prevent or detect counterfeit IC and PCB substrate separately, without testing the PCB as a whole, and often require the assistance of external equipment. In this paper, a novel ring oscillatorbased PCB authentication (ROPA) methodology to detect counterfeit PCB through supply chain is proposed, which utilizes PCB trace-based ring oscillators (PTRO) assisted by on-chip ring oscillators, and a novel PCB signature extraction methodology. By switching the PCB to different load modes, the signature can reflect the process variations in PCB traces and overall impedance. The ROPA can provide both IC and PCB authentication independently of external equipments, and allows remote authentication for the user. The ROPA structure has shown advantageous area (0.301% on average) and power (0.355% on average) overhead when implemented on a number of benchmarks. Then the ROPA is implemented on a set of authentic and counterfeit FPGA development boards to verify the effectiveness on counterfeit detection. The results show that the proposed method provides 96.7% confidence in detecting tampered PCBs and 100% confidence in detecting overproduced, recycled, and cloned PCBs.

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“…Furthermore, designs have been proposed that analyze variations within passive components [20], debug components [21], or a combination of passives that define a filter structure [22]. While surface mount components are plentiful on any modern PCB design, measuring each individual component to create a unique identifier becomes impractical and costly.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The variations that exist within copper traces have been used as the foundation of unique identifiers [20,[23][24][25]. These techniques measure variations in single and double layer copper traces that are replicated across the PCB at different locations [20,23]. Double layer copper traces are constructed as transmission lines and used with several PCB elements to check the integrity of the PCB.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

NotchPUF: Printed Circuit Board PUF Based on Microstrip Notch Filter

Martin

Plusquellic

2020

Cryptography

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Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) are primitives that are designed to leverage naturally occurring variations to produce a random bitstring. Current PUF designs are typically implemented in silicon or utilize variations found in commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) parts. Because of this, existing designs are insufficient for the authentication of Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs). In this paper, we propose a novel PUF design that leverages board variations in a manufactured PCB to generate unique and stable IDs for each PCB. In particular, a single copper trace is used as a source of randomness for bitstring generation. The trace connects three notch filter structures in series, each of which is designed to reject specific but separate frequencies. The bitstrings generated using data measured from a set of PCBs are analyzed using statistical tests to illustrate that high levels of uniqueness and randomness are achievable.

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Unique signatures from printed circuit board design patterns and surface mount passives

Cited by 11 publications

References 4 publications

Reliable and Efficient Chip-PCB Hybrid PUF and Lightweight Key Generator

Reliable and Efficient Chip-PCB Hybrid PUF and Lightweight Key Generator

A Novel Authentication Methodology to Detect Counterfeit PCB Using PCB Trace-Based Ring Oscillator

NotchPUF: Printed Circuit Board PUF Based on Microstrip Notch Filter

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