NotchPUF: Printed Circuit Board PUF Based on Microstrip Notch Filter

Martin, Mitchell T.; Plusquellic, Jim

doi:10.3390/cryptography4020011

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…The protection-based veriication schemes require, to some degree, control and management of the supply chain. Authentication using physical ingerprints such as Physically Unclonable Functions (PUFs) [27,48], watermarking [32], tags [49], and secure enclosures [19] are examples of such protectionbased approaches. The primary requirement for these solutions is to integrate physical protections in the early stages of design and manufacturing.…”

Section: Protection-basedmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The main challenge of these methods is their incompatibility to diferent levels of abstractions on electronic systems, from ICs to the entire PCB. For instance, while there are several PUF realizations for Integrated Circuits (ICs) [17,24,38], the proposed PUFs for PCBs [27,48] are still not ready-to-use on a larger scale. On the other hand, while high-security protections, such as secure enclosures for PCB [19], are efective against tampering and modiications, they are very costly and need a highly customized design making them unusable for legacy systems.…”

Section: Protection-basedmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

ScatterVerif: Verification of Electronic Boards Using Reflection Response of Power Distribution Network

Mosavirik

Ganji

Schaumont

et al. 2022

J. Emerg. Technol. Comput. Syst.

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The globalization of electronic systems’ fabrication has made some of our most critical systems vulnerable to supply chain attacks. Implanting spy chips on the printed circuit boards (PCBs) or replacing genuine components with counterfeit/recycled ones are examples of such attacks. Unfortunately, conventional attack detection schemes for PCBs are ad-hoc, costly, unscalable, and error-prone. This work introduces a holistic physical verification framework for PCBs, called ScatterVerif , based on the characterization of the PCBs’ power distribution network (PDN). First, we demonstrate how scattering parameters, frequently used for impedance characterization of RF circuits, can characterize the entire PCB with a single measurement. Second, we present how a class of machine learning algorithms, namely the Gaussian Mixture Model, can be applied to the measurements to automatically classify/cluster the genuine and tampered/counterfeit PCBs. We show that these attacks affect the overall impedance of a PCB differently in various frequency ranges , and hence, the conventional impedance measurements using a constant-frequency electrical stimulus might leave the attack undetected. We conduct extensive experiments on counterfeit and tampered devices and demonstrate that these attacks can be detected with a high-confidence. Finally, we show that the acquired data from the PDN characterization can also be deployed for fingerprinting genuine PCBs.

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Section: Protection-basedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Protection-basedmentioning

confidence: 99%

ScatterVerif: Verification of Electronic Boards Using Reflection Response of Power Distribution Network

Mosavirik

Ganji

Schaumont

et al. 2022

J. Emerg. Technol. Comput. Syst.

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show abstract

“…PUF defense mechanisms are derived from silicon manufactured devices or commercially available designs, therefore leaving the PCB without an effective PUF generation mechanism. Martin and Plusquellic proposed a novel PUF design that incorporates randomness from variation in the PCB substrate from manufacturing to generate unique and stable IDs for each PCB [9]. For their design, the randomness is generated from a single copper trace.…”

Section: A Current Pcb Obfuscation Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…MEMS devices are mass manufactured and packaged similar to ICs and possess unique process variations which can be used for identification [13] or physical unclonable function generation [9], [14]. These PUFs combined with MEMS can be used actively or passively to protect a PCB from circuit tampering or component removal.…”

Section: Micro Electro-mechanical Systems (Mems)mentioning

confidence: 99%

PCB Netlist Obfuscation with Micro Electro Mechanical Systems and Additive Manufacturing Techniques

True

Khan

et al. 2021

International Symposium for Testing and Failure Analysis

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Semiconductor manufacturing has been outsourced to un-trusted regions due to globalization. The complex multistep fabrication of micro-scale integrated circuits (ICs) and the tedious assembly of macro-scale Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs) are vulnerable to malicious attacks from design to final delivery. PCBs provide the functional connections of Integrated Circuits (ICs), sensors, power supplies, etc. of many critical electronic systems for consumers, corporations, and governments. The feature sizes of PCB signal traces in 2D and vias in 3D are an order of magnitude larger than IC devices, and are thereby more vulnerable to non-destructive attacks such as X-ray or probing. Active and passive countermeasures have been successfully developed for IC devices, however PCBs devices are difficult to wholly secure from all attacks. Passive countermeasures for X-ray attacks using high-z materials to block and scatter X-rays are effective, but there is a lack of active and passive countermeasures for PCB. In this paper, a framework for passively obfuscating a PCB's critical connections between components, such as ICs, from non-destructive attacks is demonstrated. This framework can be further extended to incorporate active countermeasures in future work. A proof of concept for a PCB electronic design automation (EDA) tool which combines the small features of micro electro-mechanical systems (MEMS), simulation of X-ray, and 3D PCB Manufacturing to iteratively optimize PCB design to thwart reverse engineering and probing attacks. Index Terms—Additive Manufacturing, MEMS, Hardware Assurance, Physical Inspection, Non-Destructive Technology

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“…The same is true for tampering and counterfeit attacks against circuit boards, thus chip-level PUFs also cannot detect tampering and cloning on the board [9]. PCB-level counterfeit and tamper detection generate a unique fingerprint by extracting random variations in PCBs during the manufacturing process to verify their authenticity, which includes extracting parameters such as trace impedance or output variations of specific circuits, and quantifying them into digital responses [10]- [12]. However, PCB-level counterfeit and tamper detection cannot detect tampering and counterfeiting against the chip [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reliable and Efficient Chip-PCB Hybrid PUF and Lightweight Key Generator

XU¹,

KE²,

Fu³

et al. 2023

IEICE Trans. Electron.

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Physical Unclonable Function (PUF) is a promising lightweight hardware security primitive that can extract device fingerprints for encryption or authentication. However, extracting fingerprints from either the chip or the board individually has security flaws and cannot provide hardware system-level security. This paper proposes a new Chip-PCB hybrid PUF(CPR PUF) in which Weak PUF on PCB is combined with Strong PUF inside the chip to generate massive responses under the control of challenges of on-chip Strong PUF. This structure tightly couples the chip and PCB into an inseparable and unclonable unit thus can verify the authenticity of chip as well as the board. To improve the uniformity and reliability of Chip-PCB hybrid PUF, we propose a lightweight key generator based on a reliability self-test and debiasing algorithm to extract massive stable and secure keys from unreliable and biased PUF responses, which eliminates expensive error correction processes. The FPGA-based test results show that the PUF responses after robust extraction and debiasing achieve high uniqueness, reliability, uniformity and anti-counterfeiting features. Moreover, the key generator greatly reduces the execution cost and the bit error rate of the keys is less than 10 −9 , the overall security of the key is also improved by eliminating the entropy leakage of helper data.

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NotchPUF: Printed Circuit Board PUF Based on Microstrip Notch Filter

Cited by 6 publications

References 35 publications

ScatterVerif: Verification of Electronic Boards Using Reflection Response of Power Distribution Network

ScatterVerif: Verification of Electronic Boards Using Reflection Response of Power Distribution Network

PCB Netlist Obfuscation with Micro Electro Mechanical Systems and Additive Manufacturing Techniques

Reliable and Efficient Chip-PCB Hybrid PUF and Lightweight Key Generator

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