Unique Inflammatory Mediators and Specific IgE Levels Distinguish Local from Systemic Reactions after Anthrax Vaccine Adsorbed Vaccination

Garman, Lori; Smith, Kenneth; Muns, Emily; Velte, Cathy A.; Spooner, Christina; Munroe, Melissa E.; Farris, A. Darise; Nelson, Michael R.; Engler, Renata J.M.; James, Judith A.

doi:10.1128/cvi.00092-16

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Th2 responses may also promote production of IgE, although it has been shown that 'healthy' Th2 responses can produce IgG1 and IgG4 in the absence of IgE [36]. Our lab has also shown that individuals showing large local reactions to AVA had increased anti-PA IgE [37], although here, anti-PA IgE was not correlated to anti-PA IgG4. The crucial question, then, is how anti-PA IgG4 contributes to poor neutralization.…”

Section: Donormentioning

confidence: 50%

Insufficient Anthrax Lethal Toxin Neutralization Is Associated with Antibody Subclass and Domain Specificity in the Plasma of Anthrax-Vaccinated Individuals

et al. 2021

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Anthrax vaccine adsorbed (AVA) is a significant line of defense against bioterrorist attack from Bacillus anthracis spores. However, in a subset of individuals, this vaccine may produce a suboptimal quantity of anti-protective antigen (PA), antibodies that are poorly neutralizing, and/or antibody titers that wane over time, necessitating annual boosters. To study individuals with such poor responses, we examine the properties of anti-PA in a subset of vaccinated individuals that make significant quantities of antibody but are still unable to neutralize toxin. In this cohort, characterized by poorly neutralizing antibody, we find that increased IgG4 to IgG1 subclass ratios, low antibody avidity, and insufficient antibody targeting domain 4 associate with improper neutralization. Thus, future vaccines and vaccination schedules should be formulated to improve these deficiencies.

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Section: Donormentioning

confidence: 50%

Insufficient Anthrax Lethal Toxin Neutralization Is Associated with Antibody Subclass and Domain Specificity in the Plasma of Anthrax-Vaccinated Individuals

et al. 2021

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“…Thus, exposure of LPS Pg will develop chance of atopic and hypersensitivity markers, but manifestation of allergic reaction is a complex pattern. 36 IgG 4 /IgE ratio has closer accuracy to detect any alteration of atopic inflammatory pathway. Increase level of IgE, which isn't accompanied by IgG 4 , can be seen in patients with urticaria or atopic dermatitis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Atopic biomarker changes after exposure to Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide: a small experimental study in Wistar rats

et al. 2021

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Background: IgE and IgG4 are implicated in atopic development and clinically utilized as major biomarkers. Atopic responses following certain pathogens, such as Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), are currently an area of interest for further research. The aim of this study is to measure the level of IgE, IgG4, and IgG4/IgE ratio periodically after exposure of periodontal pathogen Pg lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Methods: We used 16 Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) randomly subdivided into four groups: Group 1, injected with placebo; Group 2, injected with LPS Pg 0.3 µg/mL; Group 3, injected with LPS Pg 1 µg/mL; and Group 4, injected with LPS Pg 3 µg/mL. Sera from all groups were taken from retro-orbital plexus before and after exposure. Results: Levels of IgE and IgG4 increased significantly following exposure of LPS Pg at day-4 and day-11. Greater increase of IgE rather than IgG4 contributed to rapid decline of IgG4/IgE ratio, detected in the peripheral blood at day-4 and day-11. Conclusion: Modulation of atopic responses following exposure to LPS Pg is reflected by a decrease in IgG4/IgE ratio that accompanies an increase of IgE. Therefore, Pg, a keystone pathogen during periodontal disease, may have a tendency to disrupt atopic biomarkers.

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“…4 ). Elevated sera CXCL10 levels have previously been associated with some adverse events (large local reactions) but not others (systemic reactions) after anthrax vaccination 44 . Much lower levels of IL-6 were observed in the IIV and LAIV Case subgroups with additional vaccination compared to the IIV and LAIV subgroups with no concomitant vaccines in line with the decrease in IL-6 observed in mice vaccinated with anthrax 45 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Post-vaccination serum cytokines levels correlate with breakthrough influenza infections

Tang¹,

Xie²,

Ye³

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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Post-vaccination cytokine levels from 256 young adults who subsequently suffered breakthrough influenza infections were compared with matched controls. Modulation within the immune system is important for eliciting a protective response, and the optimal response differs according to vaccine formulation and delivery. For both inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV) and live attenuated influenza vaccines (LAIV) lower levels of IL-8 were observed in post-vaccination sera. Post-vaccination antibody levels were higher and IFN-γ levels were lower in IIV sera compared to LAIV sera. Subjects who suffered breakthrough infections after IIV vaccination had higher levels of sCD25 compared to the control group. There were differences in LAIV post-vaccination interleukin levels for subjects who subsequently suffered breakthrough infections, but these differences were masked in subjects who received concomitant vaccines. Wide variances, sex-based differences and confounders such as concomitant vaccines thwart the establishment of specific cytokine responses as a correlate of protection, but our results provide real world evidence that the status of the immune system following vaccination is important for successful vaccination and subsequent protection against disease.

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Unique Inflammatory Mediators and Specific IgE Levels Distinguish Local from Systemic Reactions after Anthrax Vaccine Adsorbed Vaccination

Cited by 6 publications

References 46 publications

Insufficient Anthrax Lethal Toxin Neutralization Is Associated with Antibody Subclass and Domain Specificity in the Plasma of Anthrax-Vaccinated Individuals

Insufficient Anthrax Lethal Toxin Neutralization Is Associated with Antibody Subclass and Domain Specificity in the Plasma of Anthrax-Vaccinated Individuals

Atopic biomarker changes after exposure to Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide: a small experimental study in Wistar rats

Post-vaccination serum cytokines levels correlate with breakthrough influenza infections

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