Unique Determination of “Subatomic” Contrast by Imaging Covalent Backbonding

Sweetman, Adam; Rahe, Philipp; Moriarty, Philip

doi:10.1021/nl4041803

Cited by 12 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…On the basis of the repulsive contrast over both adatoms and rest atoms observed experimentally, and noting the observation of similar contrast on Si(111) − 7×7 for tips prepared in the absence of adsorbed NTCDI molecules [26], we tentatively suggest the OHterminated tip model may be a more plausible candidate.…”

Section: Repulsive-type Tipssupporting

confidence: 64%

“…Far from the surface we observe a very weak attractive interaction, but on closer approach the interaction becomes repulsive, resulting in a strikingly clear repulsive map of the surface, resolving both adatoms and rest atoms. (We also note the clear triangular shape of the adatoms in this image, which we address elsewhere [26]). …”

Section: A Intramolecular Imaging With Nc-afmsupporting

confidence: 64%

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Intramolecular bonds resolved on a semiconductor surface

et al. 2014

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Noncontact atomic force microscopy (NC-AFM) is now routinely capable of obtaining submolecular resolution, readily resolving the carbon backbone structure of planar organic molecules adsorbed on metal substrates. Here we show that the same resolution may also be obtained for molecules adsorbed on a reactive semiconducting substrate. Surprisingly, this resolution is routinely obtained without the need for deliberate tip functionalization. Intriguingly, we observe two chemically distinct apex types capable of submolecular imaging. We characterize our tip apices by "inverse imaging" of the silicon adatoms of the Si(111) −7×7 surface and support our findings with detailed density functional theory (DFT) calculations. We also show that intramolecular resolution on individual molecules may be readily obtained at 78 K, rather than solely at 5 K as previously demonstrated. Our results suggest a wide range of tips may be capable of producing intramolecular contrast for molecules adsorbed on semiconductor surfaces, leading to a much broader applicability for submolecular imaging protocols.

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Section: Repulsive-type Tipssupporting

confidence: 64%

Section: A Intramolecular Imaging With Nc-afmsupporting

confidence: 64%

Intramolecular bonds resolved on a semiconductor surface

et al. 2014

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“…2(a)]. The imaging, and large peak attractive forces, show that the tip is not passivated by CO or OH, since this would result in inverted imaging of the adatoms, and/or peak tip-sample tip-adatom forces of the order of ∼100 pN [31][32][33]. The combination of STM and NC-AFM characterization consequently strongly suggests a silicon-terminated tip apex, particularly in light of the data presented in Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 89%

Measuring the reactivity of a silicon-terminated probe

Sweetman

Stirling²,

Jarvis

et al. 2016

Phys. Rev. B

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It is generally accepted that the exposed surfaces of silicon crystals are highly reactive due to the dangling bonds which protrude into the vacuum. However, surface reconstruction not only modifies the reactivity of bulk silicon crystals, but also plays a key role in determining the properties of silicon nanocrystals. In this study we probe the reactivity of silicon clusters at the end of a scanning probe tip by examining their interaction with closed-shell fullerene molecules. Counter to intuitive expectations, many silicon clusters do not react strongly with the fullerene cage, and we find that only specific highly oriented clusters have sufficient reactivity to break open the existing carbon-carbon bonds.

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“…Despite the central role played by STM/AFM in state-of-the-art condensed matter science [2,3,26,27], and the rapid exploitation of machine learning methods across all areas of the physical and materials sciences [28], the embedding of automated data mining and image classification protocols in probe microscopy has arguably taken rather longer than might have been expected given the core role of visual data in the field 2 . There is now, however, a small, but steadily growing, subset of SPM groups who are adopting machine 1 Inverse imaging nonetheless still only provides limited information on the geometric structure of the apex and is often difficult to interpret [22,23]. 2 As Vasudevan et al [29] point out, however, excitement about AI-driven data analysis and experimental design has ebbed and flowed for many decades, with periods of intense interest followed by 'AI winters' .…”

Section: More Human Than Human: Beyond the Single Molecule Limitmentioning

confidence: 99%

Machine learning at the (sub)atomic scale: next generation scanning probe microscopy

Gordon

Moriarty

2020

Mach. Learn.: Sci. Technol.

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We discuss the exciting prospects for a step change in our ability to map and modify matter at the atomic/molecular level by embedding machine learning algorithms in scanning probe microscopy (with a particular focus on scanning tunnelling microscopy, STM). This nano-AI hybrid approach has the far-reaching potential to realise a technology capable of the automated analysis, actuation, and assembly of matter with a precision down to the single chemical bond limit.

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Unique Determination of “Subatomic” Contrast by Imaging Covalent Backbonding

Cited by 12 publications

References 35 publications

Intramolecular bonds resolved on a semiconductor surface

Intramolecular bonds resolved on a semiconductor surface

Measuring the reactivity of a silicon-terminated probe

Machine learning at the (sub)atomic scale: next generation scanning probe microscopy

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