Unique clones of the pitch canker fungus, Fusarium circinatum, associated with a new disease outbreak in South Africa

Fru, Felix F.; Steenkamp, Emma Theodora; Wingfield, Michael J.; Santana, Quentin C.; Roux, Jolanda

doi:10.1007/s10658-016-1073-9

Cited by 6 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…In South Africa, diversity of F. circinatum is somewhat higher compared to populations in California and Japan. Both mating types of the fungus are present in the country, but one is typically under-represented in populations associated with PPC outbreaks in plantations [66,[68][69][70]. This is different from the situation in Mexico and the Southeastern USA, where both mating types occur in high frequencies [52,70,109].…”

Section: Population Dynamics Of Fusarium Circinatummentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Accordingly, various management strategies have been investigated and developed to limit the occurrence and spread of F. circinatum in commercial forestry, e.g., nursery hygiene practices to limit the build-up of inoculum [61][62][63] and the use of chemical and biologically derived compounds to boost plant defence responses [64]. However, F. circinatum remains a major challenge to seedling production and plantation establishment in South Africa [65,66].…”

Section: Africamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 2005, PPC was detected for the first time outside the nursery environment on established trees in a plantation of P. radiata and it is now commonly found on this species in the Western Cape Province in South Africa [67,68]. The pathogen has since been detected also in plantations of P. greggii in the Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal Provinces where localized outbreaks of PPC have occurred [66,68,69]. Additionally, in the summer rainfall area of the country, localised outbreaks of PPC have been recorded in plantations of P. patula, which is the most widely planted Pinus species in South Africa [70]; Steenkamp and Wingfield, unpublished].…”

Section: Africamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Comparison of the population associated with the first disease outbreak in the early 1990s with those from subsequent nursery outbreaks showed that diversity increased over time [112,114]. Although initially postulated to be due to sexual reproduction in a well-established population in the country, more recent evidence suggests that this increase in genetic diversity was due mostly to new introductions of the fungus into South Africa and not to sexual recombination [66,[68][69][70]. Nevertheless, the initial nursery outbreak in South Africa was on P. patula, a species native to Mexico, which led to suggestions that the pathogen was imported from Mexico on infected seed [120].…”

Section: Population Dynamics Of Fusarium Circinatummentioning

confidence: 99%

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Global Geographic Distribution and Host Range of Fusarium circinatum, the Causal Agent of Pine Pitch Canker

Drenkhan

Ganley

Martín‐García

et al. 2020

Forests

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Fusarium circinatum, the causal agent of pine pitch canker (PPC), is currently one of the most important threats of Pinus spp. globally. This pathogen is known in many pine-growing regions, including natural and planted forests, and can affect all life stages of trees, from emerging seedlings to mature trees. Despite the importance of PPC, the global distribution of F. circinatum is poorly documented, and this problem is also true of the hosts within countries that are affected. The aim of this study was to review the global distribution of F. circinatum, with a particular focus on Europe. We considered (1) the current and historical pathogen records, both positive and negative, based on confirmed reports from Europe and globally; (2) the genetic diversity and population structure of the pathogen; (3) the current distribution of PPC in Europe, comparing published models of predicted disease distribution; and (4) host susceptibility by reviewing literature and generating a comprehensive list of known hosts for the fungus. These data were collated from 41 countries and used to compile a specially constructed geo-database. A review of 6297 observation records showed that F. circinatum and the symptoms it causes on conifers occurred in 14 countries, including four in Europe, and is absent in 28 countries. Field observations and experimental data from 138 host species revealed 106 susceptible host species including 85 Pinus species, 6 non-pine tree species and 15 grass and herb species. Our data confirm that susceptibility to F. circinatum varies between different host species, tree ages and environmental characteristics. Knowledge on the geographic distribution, host range and the relative susceptibility of different hosts is essential for disease management, mitigation and containment strategies. The findings reported in this review will support countries that are currently free of F. circinatum in implementing effective procedures and restrictions and prevent further spread of the pathogen.

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Section: Population Dynamics Of Fusarium Circinatummentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Africamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Africamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Population Dynamics Of Fusarium Circinatummentioning

confidence: 99%

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Global Geographic Distribution and Host Range of Fusarium circinatum, the Causal Agent of Pine Pitch Canker

Drenkhan

Ganley

Martín‐García

et al. 2020

Forests

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“…Ex Parl.) [102,103]. More recently, however, pitch canker was also detected in the Limpopo province on mature P. patula [104].…”

Section: Global Situationmentioning

confidence: 97%

Sampling and Detection Strategies for the Pine Pitch Canker (PPC) Disease Pathogen Fusarium circinatum in Europe

Vainio

Bezos

Bragança

et al. 2019

Forests

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Fusarium circinatum Nirenberg & O’Donnel is listed among the species recommended for regulation as quarantine pests in Europe. Over 60 Pinus species are susceptible to the pathogen and it also causes disease on Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) and species in genera such as Picea and Larix. The European Food Safety Authority considers the probability of new introductions—via contaminated seeds, wood material, soil and growing substrates, natural means and human activities—into the EU very likely. Due to early detection, constant surveillance and control measures, F. circinatum outbreaks have officially been eradicated in Italy and France. However, the global spread of F. circinatum suggests that the pathogen will continue to be encountered in new environments in the future. Therefore, continuous surveillance of reproductive material, nurseries and plantations, prompt control measures and realistic contingency plans will be important in Europe and elsewhere to limit disease spread and the “bridgehead effect”, where new introductions of a tree pathogen become increasingly likely as new environments are invaded, must be considered. Therefore, survey programs already implemented to limit the spread in Europe and that could be helpful for other EU countries are summarized in this review. These surveys include not only countries where pitch canker is present, such as Portugal and Spain, but also several other EU countries where F. circinatum is not present. Sampling protocols for seeds, seedlings, twigs, branches, shoots, soil samples, spore traps and insects from different studies are collated and compiled in this review. Likewise, methodology for morphological and molecular identification is herein presented. These include conventional PCR with a target-specific region located in the intergenic spacer region, as well as several real-time PCR protocols, with different levels of specificity and sensitivity. Finally, the global situation and future perspectives are addressed.

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Clonality and limited population diversity of Fusarium circinatum in Colombia

Ceriani,

Wingfield,

Fru

et al. 2024

Forest Pathology

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Fusarium circinatum is an important fungal pathogen of Pinus species utilized in commercial forestry worldwide. In Colombia, it was first found on nursery plants and later in plantations associated with basal cankers on young trees. In this study, we explored the population diversity of the pathogen in Colombia by analyzing 136 isolates collected from diseased nursery plants (2005–2007) and plantation trees (2017 and 2020). These were sourced from different geographical regions and Pinus species. Genotyping was performed using 10 microsatellite markers, while mating types were identified with PCRs targeting the MAT1 locus. Using microsatellites, a total of 33 multilocus haplotypes were detected. Genetic diversity indices showed low levels of diversity in both the overall collection and in specific collection groupings. The data also suggested that a small number of isolates had unique origins in the country (p < .05), and relatively low levels of population differentiation were detected between the nursery and plantation collections. All the isolates were scored as having the MAT1‐1 mating type, and no evidence for the random association among microsatellite alleles (p = .0001) was found. Overall, these data suggest that F. circinatum was introduced into Colombia a small number of times, likely on seed for nursery production. Furthermore, the data also indicate that the pathogen has spread from nurseries to the plantations via asexual reproduction and on asymptomatic plants. This has resulted in a highly clonal F. circinatum population in Colombia that has resulted from accidental introductions of the pathogen into a production nursery.

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Unique clones of the pitch canker fungus, Fusarium circinatum, associated with a new disease outbreak in South Africa

Cited by 6 publications

References 39 publications

Global Geographic Distribution and Host Range of Fusarium circinatum, the Causal Agent of Pine Pitch Canker

Global Geographic Distribution and Host Range of Fusarium circinatum, the Causal Agent of Pine Pitch Canker

Sampling and Detection Strategies for the Pine Pitch Canker (PPC) Disease Pathogen Fusarium circinatum in Europe

Clonality and limited population diversity of Fusarium circinatum in Colombia

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