Unique calcium oxalate "duplex" and "concretion" idioblasts in leaves of tribe Naucleeae (Rubiaceae)

Lersten, Nels R.; Horner, Harry T.

doi:10.3732/ajb.1000247

Cited by 58 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Excess calcium is frequently precipitated in calcium salts such as oxalate, carbonate, silicate, sulfate, phosphate, citrate and malate (Weiner and Dove, 2003). Crystals have been identified in several studies as calcium oxalate by using EDS (Lersten and Horner, 2011;He et al, 2012;Raman et al, 2014). However, a small number of studies have indicated crystals formed by calcium sulfate (Storey and Thomson, 1994;He et al, 2012).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Comparative morphoanatomical analysis of Mikania species

Almeida

Hirt

Raeski

et al. 2017

Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia

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Please cite this article in press as: de Almeida, V.P., et al. Comparative morphoanatomical analysis of Mikania species. Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia (2016), http://dx. a b s t r a c tMikania belongs to the Asteraceae family and includes a wide range of promising pharmacological activities. Several species of Mikania, which is popularly known in Brazil as "guaco", occur in Southern Brazil and their external morphology is similar. The aim of this study was to investigate the morpho-anatomical characteristics of the leaf and stem of Mikania campanulata, Mikania cordifolia, Mikania glomerata, Mikania hastato-cordata, Mikania microptera and Mikania sessilifolia as a means of providing additional support for differentiating these taxa. The leaves and stems were investigated by employing scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy techniques. The morphological features of Mikania spp. leaves make it possible to differentiate between the species; nevertheless, when the plants were fragmented or pulverized the anatomical features of the leaves and stems supplied additional helpful data in this regard. The main anatomical characteristics were presence of hypodermis and lens shaped epidermal cells, set of trichomes; midrib, petiole and stem shape and vascular pattern; sclerenchymatous ring in the cortex, sclerenchymatous cells and secretory ducts in the pith.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Comparative morphoanatomical analysis of Mikania species

Almeida

Hirt

Raeski

et al. 2017

Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia

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“…Morphologically, the crystals are classified into five major forms: crystal sand, raphide, druse, styloid and prismatic (Franceschi and Horner 1980; Franceschi and Nakata 2005; Horner and Wagner 1995) and each category of crystal may show variations in its shape and size. Studies of the types of crystals and their macropatterns are species and genus specific and may contribute to understanding phylogenetic relationships (Horner et al 2012; Lersten and Horner 2000; 2011; Prychid and Rudall 1999). The formation of calcium oxalate crystals in plants is not yet fully understood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New and unusual forms of calcium oxalate raphide crystals in the plant kingdom

2014

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Calcium oxalate crystals in higher plants occur in five major forms namely raphides, styloids, prisms, druses and crystal sand. The form, shape and occurrence of calcium oxalate crystals in plants are species- and tissue-specific, hence the presence or absence of a particular type of crystal can be used as a taxonomic character. So far, four different types of needle-like raphide crystals have been reported in plants. The present work describes two new and unusual forms of raphide crystals from the tubers of Dioscorea polystachya—six-sided needles with pointed ends (Type V) and four-sided needles with beveled ends (Type VI). Both of these new types of needles are distinct from the other four types by each having a surrounding membrane that envelopes a bundle of 10–20 closely packed thin crystalline sheets. The previously known four types of needles have solid or homogenous crystalline material, surrounded by a membrane or lamellate sheath called a crystal chamber. Only the Type VI crystals have beveled ends and the needles of the other five types have pointed ends.

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“…By individually sequencing these homoeologs in allopolyploids, using either specific primers, single-molecule (sm) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (see Kraytsberg and Khrapko 2005), or in vivo cloning (reviewed in Brysting et al 2011), reticulate organism phylogenies can be untangled (e.g., Popp and Oxelman 2001; Sang 2002; Smedmark et al 2003; Howarth and Baum 2005; Popp et al 2005; Huber et al 2006; Brysting et al 2007; Popp and Oxelman 2007; Fortune et al 2008; Kim et al 2008; Mason-Gamer 2008; Mandáková et al 2010; Marcussen et al 2011; Brysting et al 2011). The raw data are a set of multilabeled trees (or MUL trees), i.e., gene trees that contain more than one sequence for some of their included species as a result of gene duplication (paralogy) and/or polyploidy (homoeology), and these are then transformed into a species network.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…The cosmopolitan genus Viola (Violaceae), with 500–600 species of violets and pansies, comprises numerous hybrid and polyploid complexes in the northern hemisphere (Miyaji 1913; Moore and Harvey 1961; Clausen 1964; Fabijan et al 1987; Ballard et al 1998; Nordal and Jonsell 1998; van den Hof et al 2008; @x Hepenstrick 2009; Marcussen et al, 2011). From a putative base number of x = 6 or x = 7, extant chromosome numbers range from dysploid 2 n = 4 in V. modesta , the lowest number known in angiosperms and also found in five other genera unrelated to Viola and Violaceae, to at least 20-ploid 2 n = ca.…”

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Inferring Species Networks from Gene Trees in High-Polyploid North American and Hawaiian Violets (Viola, Violaceae)

et al. 2011

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The phylogenies of allopolyploids take the shape of networks and cannot be adequately represented as bifurcating trees. Especially for high polyploids (i.e., organisms with more than six sets of nuclear chromosomes), the signatures of gene homoeolog loss, deep coalescence, and polyploidy may become confounded, with the result that gene trees may be congruent with more than one species network. Herein, we obtained the most parsimonious species network by objective comparison of competing scenarios involving polyploidization and homoeolog loss in a high-polyploid lineage of violets (Viola, Violaceae) mostly or entirely restricted to North America, Central America, or Hawaii. We amplified homoeologs of the low-copy nuclear gene, glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (GPI), by single-molecule polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and the chloroplast trnL-F region by conventional PCR for 51 species and subspecies. Topological incongruence among GPI homoeolog subclades, owing to deep coalescence and two instances of putative loss (or lack of detection) of homoeologs, were reconciled by applying the maximum tree topology for each subclade. The most parsimonious species network and the fossil-based calibration of the homoeolog tree favored monophyly of the high polyploids, which has resulted from allodecaploidization 9–14 Ma, involving sympatric ancestors from the extant Viola sections Chamaemelanium (diploid), Plagiostigma (paleotetraploid), and Viola (paleotetraploid). Although two of the high-polyploid lineages (Boreali-Americanae, Pedatae) remained decaploid, recurrent polyploidization with tetraploids of section Plagiostigma within the last 5 Ma has resulted in two 14-ploid lineages (Mexicanae, Nosphinium) and one 18-ploid lineage (Langsdorffianae). This implies a more complex phylogenetic and biogeographic origin of the Hawaiian violets (Nosphinium) than that previously inferred from rDNA data and illustrates the necessity of considering polyploidy in phylogenetic and biogeographic reconstruction.

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Unique calcium oxalate "duplex" and "concretion" idioblasts in leaves of tribe Naucleeae (Rubiaceae)

Abstract: Crystal types appear to be systematic features in Naucleeae. Duplex idioblasts (CS and druses) and aggregate concretions are a demonstration that much is yet to be discovered about crystals.

Cited by 58 publications

References 17 publications

Comparative morphoanatomical analysis of Mikania species

Comparative morphoanatomical analysis of Mikania species

New and unusual forms of calcium oxalate raphide crystals in the plant kingdom

Inferring Species Networks from Gene Trees in High-Polyploid North American and Hawaiian Violets (Viola, Violaceae)

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