Unique and interactive effects of depression, age, socioeconomic advantage, and gender on cognitive performance of normal healthy older people.

Rabbitt, Patrick; Donlan, Chris; Watson, Peter; McInnes, Lynn; Bent, Nuala

doi:10.1037/0882-7974.10.3.307

Cited by 105 publications

(99 citation statements)

References 21 publications

(39 reference statements)

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“…However, as Blazer & Williams (1980) point out, clinically significant depression represents only the upper end of a continuum of states of unhappiness found in randomly selected older samples of older people. Further, even within ranges well below levels of clinical concern, scores on the Beck Depression Inventory (Beck et al 1961) correlate negatively with performance on laboratory tests of fluid intelligence and memory (Rabbitt et al 1995). This raises the question of why mental abilities are impaired by even mild discontent.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Earlier analyses had found that both depression and cognitive performance vary with levels of socioeconomic advantage (Rabbitt et al 1995). This was taken into consideration by grouping participants by reference to the UK Office of Population Censuses and Surveys classification of occupational categories (1980).…”

Section: Participants Demographics and Beck Scoresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because Rabbitt et al (1995) had also found that Beck scores and cognitive performance also vary with cities of residence (Newcastle upon Tyne or Manchester), sex and recruitment cohorts, analyses also included these factors.…”

Section: Participants Demographics and Beck Scoresmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Unhappiness, health and cognitive ability in old age

et al. 2007

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Background. To test whether scores on depression inventories on entry to a longitudinal study predict mental ability over the next 4-16 years.Method. Associations between scores on the Beck Depression Inventory and on tests of intelligence, vocabulary and memory were analysed in 5070 volunteers aged 49-93 years after differences in prescribed drug consumption, death and drop-out, sex, socio-economic advantage and recruitment cohort effects had also been considered.Results. On all cognitive tasks Beck scores on entry, even in the range 0-7 indicating differences in above average contentment, affected overall levels of cognitive performance but not rates of age-related cognitive decline suggesting effects of differences in life satisfaction rather than in depression. Conclusions.A new finding is that, in old age, increments in life satisfaction are associated with better cognitive performance. Implications for interpreting associations between depression inventory scores and cognitive performance in elderly samples are discussed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Participants Demographics and Beck Scoresmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Unhappiness, health and cognitive ability in old age

et al. 2007

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“…The WAIS~R vocabulary scores of younger and older subjects did not differ significantly in either ofthe experiments (both ts < I). These scores were collected as part of the longitudinal study (see Rabbitt, Donlan, Bent, McInnes, & Abson, 1993).…”

Section: General Information On Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retrieving names in old age: Short- and (very) long-term effects of repetition

Maylor

1998

Mem Cogn

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Two experiments are reported that examine the effects of repetition on name retrieval in younger adults (in their 50s and 60s) and older adults (in their 70s and 80s). In Experiment 1,the subjects were asked to name a set of famous faces four times over the course of a L-h session. Younger subjects produced significantly more correct responses than did older subjects. There was significant improvement with repeated attempts at naming, with younger and older subjects benefiting equally in terms of increasing numbers of correct responses across the session. In contrast, there was a highly significant age deficit in picture recognition over a similar retention interval. A qualitative analysis of naming responses (full name vs. part of the name) provided support for the view that aging and nonrecent use have equivalent effects on retrieval. In Experiment 2, younger subjects (but not older subjects) were significantly more likely to correctly name famous faces that they had seen 22 months previously than to correctly name new famous faces. In contrast, older subjects (but not younger subjects) were significantly more likely to produce erroneous names to famous faces that they had seen 22 months previously than to new famous faces. It is concluded that repetition priming may be relatively unaffected by aging over short retention intervals (Experiment 1) but not over a very long retention interval (Experiment 2).Memory tasks such as free recall and recognition are examples of explicit memory; that is, performance on the task requires conscious recollection of a previous experience. In contrast, implicit memory is revealed when performance on a task is influenced by a previous experience but in the absence of conscious or intentional recollection of that experience (Graf & Schacter, 1985). Recent evidence on implicit memory comes largely from studies ofrepetition priming, which refers to the facilitation in the processing ofa stimulus (either improved accuracy or reduced latency) as a function ofa recent encounter with the same stimulus (see Schacter, 1987, for a review).Implicit memory can be dissociated from explicit memory in a number ofways. First, performance on implicit and explicit memory tasks is affected differentially by various experimental manipulations. One such factor that is relevant to the present study is retention interval. For exThis research was reported at a meeting of the Experimental Psychology Society, Cambridge, England, April 1995. This article was written while the author was employed at the Medical Research Council's Applied Psychology Unit, Cambridge, UK. I am grateful to Patrick Rabbitt for access to volunteers at North East Age Research (University of Newcastle-upon-Tyne) and to Catherine Brennard, Joyce Hunter, Lynn Mcinnes, and Louise Turner for their assistance in the recruiting and testing of subjects, I also thank Andy Calder for some of the stimuli used in Experiment 2 and Hilary Green for assistance with data analysis. David Mitchell and an anonymous reviewer provided helpful commen...

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“…As suggested by Bassuk, Berkman, and Wypij (1998), individuals with depression may exhibit decreased cognitive performance due to motivational and attentiveness problems. An increase in the vulnerability of cognitive processes (Rabbitt, Donlan, Watson, McInnes, & Bent, 1995) to sleep quality might be the consequence (Vance, Roberson, McGuinness, & Fazeli, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sleep quality and cognitive function in healthy old age: The moderating role of subclinical depression.

et al. 2012

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Objective: Previous research has yielded inconclusive results on the relationship between selfreported sleep quality and cognitive performance in healthy old age. Discrepant findings have been reported regarding processing speed and attention, executive functions, and episodic memory. However, sleep quality has also been found to be related to cognitive performance in patients with depression. Our aim was to clarify the relationship between sleep quality and cognitive performance in healthy older adults, and to evaluate the moderating role of subclinical depression on this relationship. Method: The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index was used to assess subjective sleep quality in 107 participants (age 61 years). A broad battery of neuropsychological tests measured basic cognitive processes, executive functions, and memory processes. Results: Subclinical depression moderated the link between sleep quality and cognitive performance. More precisely, poorer sleep quality was associated with lower performance in reasoning, semantic fluency, and shifting in those with high versus low levels of subclinical depression. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that poor sleep quality might affect higher order cognitive processes, particularly in those reporting higher levels of subclinical depression. Findings on the relationships between sleep quality, cognitive functioning, and depressive symptomatology are discussed in relation to neurobehavioral theories of sleep. Objective: Previous research has yielded inconclusive results on the relationship between self-reported sleep quality and cognitive performance in healthy old age. Discrepant findings have been reported regarding processing speed and attention, executive functions, and episodic memory. However, sleep quality has also been found to be related to cognitive performance in patients with depression. Our aim was to clarify the relationship between sleep quality and cognitive performance in healthy older adults, and to evaluate the moderating role of subclinical depression on this relationship. Method:The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used to assess subjective sleep quality in 107 participants (age > 61 years). A broad battery of neuropsychological tests measured basic cognitive processes, executive functions, and memory processes.Results: Subclinical depression moderated the link between sleep quality and cognitive performance. More precisely, poorer sleep quality was associated with lower performance in reasoning, semantic fluency and shifting in those with high versus low levels of subclinical depression.Conclusions: Our findings suggest that poor sleep quality might affect higher-order cognitive processes, particularly in those reporting higher levels of subclinical depression.Findings on the relationships between sleep quality, cognitive functioning and depressive symptomatology are discussed in relation to neuro-behavioral theories of sleep.

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Unique and interactive effects of depression, age, socioeconomic advantage, and gender on cognitive performance of normal healthy older people.

Cited by 105 publications

References 21 publications

Unhappiness, health and cognitive ability in old age

Unhappiness, health and cognitive ability in old age

Retrieving names in old age: Short- and (very) long-term effects of repetition

Sleep quality and cognitive function in healthy old age: The moderating role of subclinical depression.

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