Uniform upconversion in high-concentration Er^3+-doped soda lime silicate and aluminosilicate glasses

Hehlen, Markus P.; Cockroft, Nigel J.; Gosnell, T. R.; Bruce, A.J.; Nykolak, G.; Shmulovich, J.

doi:10.1364/ol.22.000772

Cited by 94 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The ytterbium lifetime and the , , and values are reported in [25] and [26]. For the erbium-erbium ion interactions, experimentally reported [26], [33] values of the cooperative up-conversion constant range from m s, and the ytter- bium-sensitized luminescence constant follows according to the Dexter theory [26] to be about m s. Based on the experimental data reported above, which correspond to a homogeneous case, gain versus pump power was modeled. The result is shown in Fig.…”

Section: A Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been suggested [33] that the amplifier fluorescence decay follows an almost quadratic drop in the first few milliseconds , followed by a linear drop which is purely dependent on the lifetime of the meta-stable level . In our case, there are clear deviations from this behavior, suggesting two different types of erbium population in the amplifier.…”

Section: Amplifier Fluorescence Decaymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Molecular homogeneity in erbium-doped sol-gel waveguide amplifiers

Laliotis

Yeatman

Ahmad

et al. 2004

IEEE J. Quantum Electron.

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Abstract-High net gain levels have recently been reported in silica-on-silicon waveguide amplifiers, using the sol-gel method of glass deposition. Spectroscopic measurements indicate that high inversion levels are achieved at high erbium concentrations, suggesting a high uniformity in the erbium distribution. Here we show that high inversion and low scattering losses are only achieved in sol-gel waveguides which have had restricted heat treatment and that both degrade upon additional annealing. Evolution of scattering loss spectra are presented, and these are included in a model of the ytterbium-sensitized waveguide amplifiers to show that the gain reduction with heat treatment is not wholly due to pump and signal excess losses, but also to changes in the spectroscopic properties of the erbium ions. In particular, the formation of clusters in which inversion is rapidly quenched is indicated. Thus, we show that the superior performance of the sol-gel method for rare-earth doping of silica waveguides, for amplifier and laser applications, results from its ability to form homogenous molecular structures which are meta-stable and which consequently cannot be formed in glasses that require high-temperature consolidation or annealing.

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Section: A Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Amplifier Fluorescence Decaymentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular homogeneity in erbium-doped sol-gel waveguide amplifiers

Laliotis

Yeatman

Ahmad

et al. 2004

IEEE J. Quantum Electron.

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“…17 Larger C up in AS glasses are expected with respect to SL glasses, as experimentally demonstrated in Er-doped bulk glasses. 18 This is due primarily to the higher optical cross sections of the relevant upconversion transitions found in AS matrix. 19 The value of C up we determined is ten times higher than the one reported by Enrichi et al for similar codoped AS structures.…”

Section: ͑6͒mentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient energy transfer from Si clusters to Er3+ in complex silicate glasses

Lebour

Pellegrino

Garcı́a

et al. 2006

Journal of Applied Physics

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We present an extensive study of the structural and optical emission properties in aluminum silicates and soda-lime silicates codoped with Si nanoclusters ͑Si-nc͒ and Er. Si excess of 5 and 15 at. % and Er concentrations ranging from 2 ϫ 10 19 up to 6 ϫ 10 20 cm −3 were introduced by ion implantation. Thermal treatments at different temperatures were carried out before and after Er implantation. Structural characterization of the resulting structures was performed to obtain the layer composition and the size distribution of Si clusters. A comprehensive study has been carried out of the light emission as a function of the matrix characteristics, Si and Er contents, excitation wavelength, and power. Er emission at 1540 nm has been detected in all coimplanted glasses, with similar intensities. We estimated lifetimes ranging from 2.5 to 12 ms ͑depending on the Er dose and Si excess͒ and an effective excitation cross section of about 1 ϫ 10 −17 cm 2 at low fluxes that decreases at high pump power. By quantifying the amount of Er ions excited through Si-nc we find a fraction of 10% of the total Er concentration. Upconversion coefficients of about 3 ϫ 10 −18 cm −3 s −1 have been found for soda-lime glasses and one order of magnitude lower in aluminum silicates.

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“…The available gain is strongly material-dependent; internal gains of 4.1 dB/cm [31] and over 1.8 dB/cm [14] have been achieved in ion-exchanged phosphate glass, 1.1 dB/cm in soda-lime silicate glass [25]- [30], 0.6 dB/cm in implanted Al O [22], and 0.35 dB/cm in PECVD silica [43]. In many systems, amplifying splitters have also been developed [8], [16], [17], [43].…”

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confidence: 99%

Sol-gel silica-on-silicon buried-channel EDWAs

Huang

Syms

2003

J. Lightwave Technol.

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Abstract-Silica-on-silicon erbium-doped waveguide amplifiers (EDWAs) fabricated by the sol-gel route are demonstrated. The preparation of stable sols is first described, with emphasis on identifying chemical routes that allow the incorporation of sufficient concentration of erbium without precipitation or gelation. Erbium-doped glasses containing various codopants, such as phosphorus, aluminum, germanium and ytterbium are formed and used in the construction of buried channel guide EDWAs. A range of optical measurements is presented, and the effects of the dopants in eliminating erbium ion quenching and improving pumping efficiency are evaluated. The best material system-Er/Yb codoped aluminophosphosilicate glass-has low background loss and a net gain of 1.1 dB/cm.

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Uniform upconversion in high-concentration Er^3+-doped soda lime silicate and aluminosilicate glasses

Cited by 94 publications

References 19 publications

Molecular homogeneity in erbium-doped sol-gel waveguide amplifiers

Molecular homogeneity in erbium-doped sol-gel waveguide amplifiers

Efficient energy transfer from Si clusters to Er3+ in complex silicate glasses

Sol-gel silica-on-silicon buried-channel EDWAs

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