Unhealthy how?: Implicit and explicit affective evaluations of different types of unhealthy foods

Woodward, Halley E.; Treat, Teresa A.

doi:10.1016/j.eatbeh.2014.12.011

Cited by 10 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Visual attention studies with eye-tracking cameras [53,54] showed that children pay more attention to low nutritional value foods compared to high nutritional value foods. Implicit affective evaluation studies, such as one by Woodward and Treat (2015) [55], indicated that both added fat and added sugar are associated with more positive affective evaluations. This inherent attraction to low nutritional value foods might be the reason why children are more influenced by these food portrayals placed within media content.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating the Effects of Non-Branded Foods Placed in Cartoons on Children’s Food Choices through Type of Food, Modality and Age

Villegas-Navas

Montero-Simó

Padilla

2019

IJERPH

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Cartoons are among the most consumed media products by children, especially those at a young age. While branded food placements are not allowed in animated series, non-branded food placements are prevalent. However, little is known about the effects that these food placements might have on children’s eating preferences. In an experimental study with 124 children (51.6% girls, age range: 7–11, Mage = 9.24, and SD = 1.19), 62 children in the experimental condition were exposed to 16 food placements in cartoons, whereas children in the control condition were exposed to cartoon scenes without foods. The healthiness of the placed foods (low nutritional value foods versus high nutritional value foods) as well as the modality of food placements (unimodal versus bimodal) were manipulated. After watching the cartoon scenes, children completed a choice task where each placed food appeared on a separate choice card. Our results indicate that non-branded low nutritional value foods placed in cartoons are an effective strategy in modifying children’s food choices when children are under age 9. We suggest that policy makers, particularly those involved in the content design of cartoons, take these results into account when placing low nutritional value foods in cartoons, especially for an animated series that targets young child audiences.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating the Effects of Non-Branded Foods Placed in Cartoons on Children’s Food Choices through Type of Food, Modality and Age

Villegas-Navas

Montero-Simó

Padilla

2019

IJERPH

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“…This suggests that properties beyond fat-and calorie-content or overall unhealthiness may inf luence affective evaluations. Instead, stimuli should vary along multiple reasonably independent relevant dimensions, such as degree of processing, fat content, and sugar content (e.g., Gearhardt, Treat, Hollingworth, & Corbin, 2012;Rizk & Treat, 2013;Woodward & Treat, 2015), or perhaps normative valence and arousal ratings (Bradley & Lang, 2007).…”

Section: Enhanced Selection Of Stimulimentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing the Conceptualization and Measurement of Implicit and Explicit Affective Evaluations: A Case Study in Disordered Eating

Woodward

Cameron

Treat

2016

Social & Personality Psych

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Affective evaluations (i.e., evaluations of affectively evocative stimuli) play important roles in many behaviors, including clinically relevant behaviors like disordered eating. Understanding automatic and controlled affective evaluations can enhance prediction and treatment of more deliberate versus more impulsive clinical behaviors, respectively. However, methodological and theoretical shortcomings cloud the implicit affective evaluation literature, particularly as applied in clinical psychology. This article aims to improve the clinical science of implicit and explicit affective evaluation by capitalizing on theoretical and methodological advancements drawn from implicit social cognition. We recommend three key enhancements to the affective evaluation literature: improve the structural comparability between indirect and direct measures, assess evaluations on both valence and arousal dimensions of affect, and carefully characterize and select stimuli. Additional improvements to analytic approaches (e.g., mixed effects modeling and process dissociation) are also recommended. Such efforts will advance our theoretical understanding of the relative contributions of automatic and controlled processes to clinically relevant affective evaluation, thereby informing assessment and improving intervention. Applying advanced methodologies of implicit cognition to clinical phenomena will also reiterate and reinforce the use of these advances in social psychology.Most of us have eaten mindlessly -when an engrossing movie grabs our attention, we may be surprised to find we have emptied the popcorn bucket accidentally. Most of us have also eaten mindfully -when savoring a glass of wine, we might consciously appreciate its nuances and f lavors. These are but two examples of how affective evaluations of food can determine eating behavior. Indeed, research finds that we are more likely to approach (Chen & Bargh, 1999) and consume (e.g., Drewnowski, Henderson, Levine, & Hann, 1999) foods that we evaluate positively. In the current review, we examine how methodological insights from implicit social cognition can inform the study of affective evaluations of food in clinical populations, and in turn, how applications in clinical psychology can inform theory and measurement in social psychology.The processes underlying affective evaluations (i.e., evaluations of affectively evocative stimuli) fall along a spectrum from purely automatic to purely controlled, and a number of dual process models have been proposed to explain the interactive inf luences of these processes (e.g., Jacoby,

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“…Thus, these versions of the AMP serve as a tool for examining both implicit and explicit affective evaluations while also improving structural fit, so that more accurate inferences about dual processes of affective evaluations about foods can be drawn. The utility of the indirect AMP for examining valenced (but not arousal-based) affective evaluations of foods has been demonstrated in two studies (Spring & Bulik, 2014;Woodward & Treat, 2015) which are described in greater detail subsequently.…”

Section: Measurement Of Automatic and Controlled Affective Evaluationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two studies to date have examined valenced affective evaluations of foods using the indirect AMP (Spring & Bulik, 2014;Woodward & Treat, 2015). Spring and Bulik (2014) examined implicit and explicit affective evaluations of food-relevant, weight-relevant, and unrelated images among healthy controls, patients with current anorexia nervosa, and individuals who have recovered from anorexia nervosa.…”

Section: Affective Dimensions Of Affective Evaluations Of Foodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A second AMP study utilized both indirect and direct AMP tasks to assess valenced affective evaluations of foods that varied along dichotomous dimensions of added fat and added sugar (Woodward & Treat, 2015). Eating-and weight-related individual differences correlates included state hunger and eating in response to environmental cues, a non-clinical analogue for disinhibited eating.…”

Section: Affective Dimensions Of Affective Evaluations Of Foodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Valenced and arousal-based affective evaluations of foods

Woodward¹

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who helped so much with data collection and with teaching me how to be a mentor. I am sincerely grateful for the time, support and contributions of my committee members-Teresa Treat, Daryl Cameron, Andy Todd, James Marchman, Mike O'Hara, and Bill Hedgcock. I am forever indebted to Teresa-this "altered replication" hopes to be half the mentor, scientist, teacher, advocate, and person that you are. I thank Jim Marchman for showing me that in every moment, we can choose to move toward what's important, come what may. My family deserves my deepest gratitude. Mom, thank you for modeling how to be equal parts scientist, caregiver, mom, handyman, artist, and friend; I hope I can one day juggle those roles as gracefully as you do. Dad, thank you for reminding me that this would be a marathon not a sprint and that I am capable of blooming where I'm planted. Grandpa Ritzmann, you're an inspiration! Thank you for setting a tremendous example and inexplicably reading all my articles. Finally, to Seth: you are my rock and I am the luckiest. Thank you for everything.

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Unhealthy how?: Implicit and explicit affective evaluations of different types of unhealthy foods

Cited by 10 publications

References 28 publications

Investigating the Effects of Non-Branded Foods Placed in Cartoons on Children’s Food Choices through Type of Food, Modality and Age

Investigating the Effects of Non-Branded Foods Placed in Cartoons on Children’s Food Choices through Type of Food, Modality and Age

Enhancing the Conceptualization and Measurement of Implicit and Explicit Affective Evaluations: A Case Study in Disordered Eating

Valenced and arousal-based affective evaluations of foods

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