Unexpected high prevalence of hepatitis C virus genotype 4 in Southern Spain

Sánchez-Quijano, A; Abad, M. A.; Torronteras, Rafael; Rey, C.; Pineda, Juan A.; Leal, Manuel; Macı́as, Juan; Lissén, E

doi:10.1016/s0168-8278(97)80275-9

Cited by 62 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Others have also found particularly low HCV RNA copy numbers in patients infected with HCV genotype 4. 58,59 Together with the current results, this suggests that HCV genotype 4 generally has lower RNA loads compared with genotypes 1-3. If this proves to be true, it could mean that future trials for HCV therapy in Egypt will be difficult to monitor using current techniques, given their sensitivity and/or their inability (with the exception of the bDNA assay) to quantify all HCV genotypes.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Hepatocellular carcinoma in Egyptians with and without a history of hepatitis B virus infection: association with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection but not with (HCV) RNA level.

Yates

Hafez²,

Beld³

et al. 1999

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. The aim of this study was to analyze the association of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with hepatitis C virus (HCV) in Egypt, using hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis E virus (HEV) as virus controls. In addition, the association of HCC with HCV RNA levels among persons seropositive for HCV was analyzed. We compared 131 patients with proven HCC, 247 with bladder cancer, and 466 healthy hospital employees. Age, sex, and place of residence were recorded to study confounding factors. Among the healthy controls, 16% were seropositive for HCV, 21% for HBV, and 31% for HEV. When healthy controls were age-matched with HCC patients, the latter were significantly (P Ͻ 0.001) more often HCV seropositive (67%) than were the controls (30%). The seropositivity for HBV and HEV did not differ significantly in frequency between the two groups. The seropositivity for HCV was also significantly (P Ͻ 0.001) more often found in HCC patients (76%) than in BC patients (47%), with seroprevalences for HBV and HEV not differing significantly in these age-matched groups. In HBV-negative HCC and bladder cancer patients, seroprevalence for HCV was significantly (P ϭ 0.002) higher in HCC patients (68%) than in bladder cancer patients (36%). This difference was even more pronounced (P Ͻ 0.001) in HBV-positive HCC and bladder cancer patients (78% versus 52%, respectively). Of HCV-seropositive individuals, 49% were HCV RNA positive by branched DNA assay, and of these, 96% were infected by HCV genotype 4. No correlation between HCV RNA load and seropositivity of HBV or age or disease state was found. Infection with HCV and HCV-HBV double infection, but not HBV or HEV infection alone, is strongly correlated with HCC in Egypt.Hepatitis C virus (HCV) causes more than 90% of parenterally transmitted non-A, non-B (NANBH) hepatitis.1-4 In more than 85% of HCV infections, the infection persists and leads to chronic hepatitis. 4,5 Once chronic hepatitis is established, it may slowly progress to worsening stages of fibrosis and cirrhosis and ultimately lead to the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). 1,[6][7][8] In the first two decades after acute HCV infection, both mortality and morbidity remain modest in frequency, but after this period both can be expected to increase.1,2 Infection with HCV is widely recognized as the most common indication for liver transplantation 9 in the United States, Europe, and Japan. Although no firm data are available, death rates for HCC in Egypt appear to be increasing over the last decade. 10,11 Hepatitis virus infections of any kind are highly prevalent in the general population. The relatively high prevalence of HCV infections in Egypt was first established in 1992 by Kamel and others. 12 Other groups thereafter found HCV seroprevalence rates ranging from 6% to 38% with an average of approximately 15%. [12][13][14][15][16] The reasons behind these high HCV infection rates being 5-35-fold higher than reported elsewhere in the world are still unknown. In Egypt, the HCV seroprevalence was 55% among ...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Hepatocellular carcinoma in Egyptians with and without a history of hepatitis B virus infection: association with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection but not with (HCV) RNA level.

Yates

Hafez²,

Beld³

et al. 1999

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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“…A striking finding of 2 untypable HCV-RNA with indeterminate LiaTek-III, with no history of dental extraction supported reports by several authors, who demonstrated untypable HCV-RNA [38][39][40][41][42]. The untypability HCV RNA was explained by several authors, low level of viremia [38,40], degradation of the viral genome due to inadequate storage [39,43], inappropriate annealing between the RT-PCR product and HCV genotype specific probe [42], or the viral RNA may hitherto belong to unrecognized HCV genotype [41].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

“…The untypability HCV RNA was explained by several authors, low level of viremia [38,40], degradation of the viral genome due to inadequate storage [39,43], inappropriate annealing between the RT-PCR product and HCV genotype specific probe [42], or the viral RNA may hitherto belong to unrecognized HCV genotype [41].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is dental extraction a risk factor for contracting HCV infection: Abs, RNA and genotype detection

Al-Kubaisy¹,

Al-Naggar²,

Ibrahim³

et al. 2014

Oral Biol Dent

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Background: The medical risk factor associated with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection such as blood transfusion and surgery had been intensely studied in many countries. Up to 40% of patients infected with HCV may have non identifiable routes of viral acquisition. Dental extraction may be one of these risk factors. The purpose of the present study was to determine the existence of infection and the predominated HCV genotype among subjects with dental extraction. Material and methods: A case-control study involving pregnant women with and without history of dental extraction (n=776, n=2715, respectively). HCV antibodies (anti-HCV) were tested using subsequently third generation enzyme immunoassay (EIA-3) and immunoblot assay (Lia Tek-111). In addition 94 serum samples were subjected to molecular analysis using RT-PCR and DNA enzyme immunoassay (DEIA) method for HCV-RNA and genotypes. Results: Anti-HCV seroprevelance was significantly higher (6.3%) among cases with dental extraction (cases) than their counter control group (control) (2.63%) (p=0.00001). Dental extraction act as a risk factor for HCV infection (OR=2.73; 95% CI=1.8-3.9). HCV-RNA was found to be significantly higher (74.6%) in cases than (38.7%) control group (p=0.0016). No significant association between HCV genotypic and the history of tooth extraction but HCV-1b showed higher rate (90%) among dental extraction cases. Conclusion: Our study showed that dental extraction acts as a risk factor for acquiring HCV. Complete sterilization and cleaning of equipment is necessary.

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“…The rate of 9.4% for this genotype in our area is noteworthy for a Western country, though it has been found in other districts of northern and southern Spain, in the latter with an even higher frequency (4,3).…”

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confidence: 50%

High Rate of Infection with Hepatitis C Virus Genotype 4 in a District of Galicia, Spain

et al. 2005

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Unexpected high prevalence of hepatitis C virus genotype 4 in Southern Spain

Cited by 62 publications

References 27 publications

Hepatocellular carcinoma in Egyptians with and without a history of hepatitis B virus infection: association with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection but not with (HCV) RNA level.

Hepatocellular carcinoma in Egyptians with and without a history of hepatitis B virus infection: association with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection but not with (HCV) RNA level.

Is dental extraction a risk factor for contracting HCV infection: Abs, RNA and genotype detection

High Rate of Infection with Hepatitis C Virus Genotype 4 in a District of Galicia, Spain

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