High Rate of Infection with Hepatitis C Virus Genotype 4 in a District of Galicia, Spain

Martínez, Stella Maris; Delgado, Manuel; Castroagudı́n, J.F.; Aguilera, Antonio

doi:10.1128/jcm.43.10.5403-5404.2005

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The HCV-4 subtype distribution observed in this study in Southern Spain is different to that reported previously in other regions of Spain, where subtype 4d is very predominant [Ramos-Sá nchez et al, 2003;Martinez et al, 2005;Ferná ndez-Arcas et al, 2006]. However, in Seville, a prevalence of subtypes similar to that reported in other countries of Western Europe, such as France, Greece or Cyprus, was found [Morice et al, 2001;Nicot et al, 2005;Katsoulidou et al, 2006;de Bruijne et al, 2009;Demetriou et al, 2009].…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 79%

“…Similar figures are observed in Spain, depending on the geographical areas and the risk group the analyzed patients belong to. Accordingly, rates from 10.2% to 18% have been reported in Southern Spain [Fernández‐Arcas et al, ; Cifuentes et al, ], 8.5% to 20% in Central Spain [Pérez‐Olmeda et al, ; Medrano et al, ; Poveda et al, ], and 8.2% to 19% in Northern Spain [Rubio et al, ; Ramos‐Sánchez et al, ; Martinez et al, ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hepatitis C virus genotype 4 in Southern and Central Spain does not originate from recent foreign migration waves

et al. 2013

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Hepatitis C virus genotype 4 (HCV-4) is highly prevalent in Spain, but the information on the molecular characterization of HCV-4 in this region is scarce. Due to this, the molecular characteristics and the evolution of HCV-4 infection in Seville were analyzed (Southern Spain) and compared them with samples from Madrid. HCV genotype was determined by LIPA 2.0 assay and confirmed by sequence analysis of NS5B. Phylogenetic tree was estimated by MEGA 5.10. Bayesian coalescent-based methods were used to estimate the substitution rate and the age of the most recent common ancestor (MRCA). In the phylogenetic analysis of 50 NS5B HCV-4 from Seville and 11 from Madrid, 2 clusters were distinguished: The first cluster (HCV-4a) included 48% of the sequences from Seville and 9% of sequences from Madrid. The second cluster included the remaining sequences belonging to HCV-4d. The mean estimated substitution rate was 2.39 × 10(-3) for HCV-4a and 1.81 × 10(-3) for HCV-4d for Seville and 2.32 × 10(-3) for HCV-4d from Madrid. The date for MRCA was estimated to be around 1981-1984 for HCV-4 from Seville. The dates for MRCA were dated before the recent flow of immigration in Spain. Therefore, the results presented in this study argues against the possibility of a foreign introduction of the HCV-4 from other regions with high prevalence, at least during the last two, decades in which there was a great flow of immigrants. Additionally, an unusual high prevalence of subtype 4a was observed in Seville.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 79%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis C virus genotype 4 in Southern and Central Spain does not originate from recent foreign migration waves

et al. 2013

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“…In a population of northern Spain, parenteral drug addiction predominated among those of the fourth decade, while transfusion and surgery predominated in people over 60 years of age (287). Martinez et al (283) only analysed genotype 4 patients.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The identification of risk factors in Spain arises from five studies (281)(282)(283)(284)(285). One study reported hospital admission among 65% of acute cases of HCV infection.…”

Section: Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A systematic review of hepatitis C virus epidemiology in Europe, Canada and Israel

Cornberg

Razavi

Alberti

et al. 2011

Liver International

371

294

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Background and Aim: Decisions on public health issues are dependent on reliable epidemiological data. A comprehensive review of the literature was used to gather country-specific data on risk factors, prevalence, number of diagnosed individuals and genotype distribution of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in selected European countries, Canada and Israel. Methodology: Data references were identified through indexed journals and non-indexed sources. In this work, 13 000 articles were reviewed and 860 were selected based on their relevance. Results: Differences in prevalence were explained by local and regional variances in transmission routes or different public health measures. The lowest HCV prevalence ( 0.5%) estimates were from northern European countries and the highest (Z3%) were from Romania and rural areas in Greece, Italy and Russia. The main risk for HCV transmission in countries with wellestablished HCV screening programmes and lower HCV prevalence was injection drug use, which was associated with younger age at the time of infection and a higher infection rate among males. In other regions, contaminated glass syringes and Keywords diagnosis -epidemiology -HCV -hepatitis C -incidence -mortality -prevalence Conclusion: Despite the eradication of transmission by blood products, HCV infection continues to be one of the leading blood-borne infections in the region.Chronic hepatitis C (CHC) is a major health burden in Europe. Recent data suggest that patients with CHC have a higher overall morbidity and mortality (1, 2). A significant portion of liver transplantation in Europe is attributable to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma because of CHC (3). The socioeconomic impact of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is tremendous. The incidence of complications of CHC will not decline over the next 10 years despite improved efficacy of antiviral therapy because most patients with CHC remain undiagnosed (4). Prevention of new infections, HCV screening and early treatment have the potential to reduce the overall morbidity and mortality. However, the cost-effectiveness of HCV screening may depend on the HCV prevalence (5). Decisions on public health issues such as HCV screening and prevention measures are dependent on reliable epidemiological data regarding HCV prevalence and transmission routes. The epidemiological status in Europe is continuously evolving and may vary significantly among the different regions throughout Europe (6). Thus, different countries may need different strategies to reduce the overall burden of HCV infection.Because epidemiological data are the basis for the development of preventive measures, we aimed to systematically identify, review and characterize HCV epidemiology throughout Europe. We included Canada and Israel in our analysis because their healthcare systems and the epidemiological situation are similar to many European countries. MethodsA comprehensive review of the literature was used to gather country-specific data on risk factors, prevalence, number of diagnosed...

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“…The prevalence of genotype 4 in Europe generally does not exceed 5% [Nguyen and Keeffe, 2005], with a rate of 3.8% in southern Italy [Matera et al, 2002], 3.6% in Germany [Schroter et al, 2002], and 2.6% in France [Remy et al, 1998]. One of the highest rates, 9.4%, was reported in Galicia, Spain, but the main route of infection in that population was intravenous drug use [Martinez et al, 2005]. In a Polish study in 1999 there were 2.7% genotype 4 infections among 1385 HCV patients, but they were probably not infected through drug use [Stanczak et al, 1999].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

High prevalence of genotype 4 among hepatitis C virus‐infected intravenous drug users in North‐Eastern Poland

Chlabicz¹,

Flisiak²,

Kowalczuk³

et al. 2008

Journal of Medical Virology

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The aim of this study was to describe the distribution of hepatitis C genotypes among intravenous drug users in north-eastern Poland. The study group included intravenous drug users recruited at a drug treatment center and a clinic for HIV-infected patients. HCV infection was confirmed by qualitative nested RT-PCR to test for the presence of HCV RNA. Genotypes were determined by 5'UTR sequencing and comparing the results with known genotype sequences. Among 111 HCV-infected and HCV-RNA-positive intravenous drug users, the most prevalent genotypes were 1 (38.7%), 3 (37.8%), and 4 (23.4%). Most infections with genotype 4 (88.5%) were found among HCV-HIV-coinfected drug users. The study demonstrated a high prevalence of genotype 4 (23.4%) among HCV-infected Polish drug users.

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High Rate of Infection with Hepatitis C Virus Genotype 4 in a District of Galicia, Spain

Cited by 5 publications

References 7 publications

Hepatitis C virus genotype 4 in Southern and Central Spain does not originate from recent foreign migration waves

Hepatitis C virus genotype 4 in Southern and Central Spain does not originate from recent foreign migration waves

A systematic review of hepatitis C virus epidemiology in Europe, Canada and Israel

High prevalence of genotype 4 among hepatitis C virus‐infected intravenous drug users in North‐Eastern Poland

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